ATS3462 Lecture Notes - Anna Eriksson, Transnational Crime, State Terrorism
28 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ATS6 –Criiology
General unit info
Lecturer/coordinator: Anna Eriksson - Email: anna.eriksson@monash.edu
Consultation Hours: Monday Clayton 10-11 am and 2-3 pm, or by appointment Room W406 Menzies
Tutor: Katherine Schofield - Email: katherine.sch[email protected]
Consultation hours: Monday 3-4 pm, Menzies Building, room S828.
Essay plan
Read crime fear and social exclusion in the global village
Pick a theoretical framework
Need to apply it to a case study -beyond readings and look for examples
Prevention/policing of crimes
Apply it to a topic in wk2-5
Due in wk5
Week 1 -theoretical frameworks
Global Crime and Justice - Crime and crime control that impacts beyond borders, and beyond the
nation state. This includes transnational crime and international crime
• Transnational Crime –Committed in more than one state
o Committed in one state, but planning in another
o Committed in one state, but effects another
o Ie. Illegal immigration, piracy, airliner bombings, international trafficking (drugs, cars,
firearms, antiques, cultural objects, humans (slaves/sex/body parts))
• International Crime – Threaten peace, security and wellbeing of the world and concern the
international community
o Ie War crimes, Genocide, Torture, Crime against humanity, State Crimes
What is globalisation?
• The goig iteoetedess of states ad soieties ad the pogessie eeshet of
hua ouities ith eah othe Held , uoted i Aas : .
o Time-space compression- shrinking of space and shortening of time as a consequence of
speed of communication and global flows of capital, goods, images, and people.
▪ Rapid communication – good and bad b/c Ontological insecurity (add on more
with readings)
▪ Also used by normal people
▪ Normal operation of a global neoliberal society provides underlying structure for
effectiveness of transnational crime
▪ As a result, problems with policing have arised
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Blurring of the boundaries between inside and outside - line between nation states
(and therefore external and internal) unclear.
o Ontological insecurity – efes to a lak of ofidee that ost hua eigs hae i
their self-identity and the constancy of the surrounding social and material environment
of action (Giddens).
▪ Rapid changes in societal/everyday life -information exchanging rapidly &ppl
insecure about their own existence therefore they turn to crime
• 11 key features of globalisation
1. New technologies
2. Ieased poe of TNCs
3. Increased mobility
4. Structural adjustment programs
5. Urbanization
6. Changed nature of work
7. Increased interaction, and interdependency
8. New transnational actors and networks
9. Changing character of nation-state
10. Increased power of international agencies
11. Borders as key sites of global change
• Impact of globalisation on criminal Justice
o Greater (il)licit flows
o New ways of doing old crimes & new types of crimes
▪ Ie money laundering can now happen online; sharing of images online
o Growing international cooperation between states responding to illicit flows
▪ State-state/Aus-NZ communicaitons/interpol
o Greater cooperation, conflict and complexity between states over crime and criminal
justice
o Increased transnational corporate involvement in criminal justice
▪ Privatisation of security
▪ Not liable in the same way as Police/military would be
• Globalisation and power
o Why crime occurs and who can get away with it = where power is located
o Many large transnational corporations have more power than many nation states
o Top 100 economies in the world based on government revenues vs corporate turnover
(by Global Justice Now)
• Neoliberalism
o Economic and political school of thought
o Relations between the state and citizens and the world of trade and commerce
o Minimal or no state interference in the market
o Promotes the lifting of barriers to trade and business transactions across regional and
national borders
o Beoes a oto of gloalizatio Passas, :, uoted i Aas, :
• Changing role of the state under neo-liberal globalisation
o Early prediction that states would become less relevant (Withering away)
o State is moving away from welfare functions in favour of repressive functions (hollowed
out)
• Neoliberalism and crime control
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Individual responsibility
▪ if you commit to crime, its ou fault, egadless if oue hoeless/etall ill
etc -theefoe dot desee elfae
▪ ie. African gangs -es, hat thee doig is ad, Wh its happeig is osued
- they come from a war torn country, and no one is looking at that, but rather
blaming them
o Shrinking of the welfare state
▪ Need to prove you deserve it
o Actuarial justice
o Risk societies
▪ Focused on risk (from immigrants to sugar)
o Visible punishment and policing due to weakened state legitimacy/purpose?
▪ Increased imprisonment and police on streets
o Privatization
▪ Of security
o This relates to both national and international responses
• Neoliberal punishment
o Facilitates expansion of penal sphere
o Embraces the criminalization of any forms of disorder
o Government intervention in the legal system is perceived legitimate, effective and
necessary
▪ ie. bikies in QLD – made to appear a bigger problem than IRL
Extra ten years to sentence if affiliated to gang, even if non-seious ie
Made to wear pink jumpsuits b/c degrading/stigmatising/shaming
IRL- succeeded in nothing
• The Risk society
o Beck (1986), late modern societies are risk societies, constantly debating, managing, and
preventing risks that they have themselves produced.
o Social inequality is individualized
o Focus is on fear and safety rather than on issues of class and social justice
Readings
Text book
• Transnational crime has existed since 18th century, if not earlier
• Today the speed, the extent, and the diversity of the actors involved is the only thing that
has changed
• Globalization has increased the opportunities for criminals, and criminals have been among
the major beneficiaries of globalization.
o Increasing movement of people and goods
o Increasing ease of communication
o Control of crime is state based, not internationally
o Therefore, easier to hide the illicit among the legal
• Globalisation
o Linked with ideology of free markets and free trade, and a decline in state
intervention
o Caused increase of economic disparities between developed and developing
countries
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Consultation hours: monday clayton 10-11 am and 2-3 pm, or by appointment room w406 menzies. Consultation hours: monday 3-4 pm, menzies building, room s828. Read crime fear and social exclusion in the global village. Need to apply it to a case study -beyond readings and look for examples. Global crime and justice - crime and crime control that impacts beyond borders, and beyond the nation state. This includes transnational crime and international crime: transnational crime committed in more than one state, committed in one state, but planning in another, committed in one state, but effects another. Ie war crimes, genocide, torture, crime against humanity, state crimes. Increased mobility: new technologies, structural adjustment programs, urbanization, changed nature of work, new transnational actors and networks, changing character of nation-state, increased power of international agencies, borders as key sites of global change. Impact of globalisation on criminal justice: greater (il)licit flows, new ways of doing old crimes & new types of crimes.
