ATS1309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: One-Child Policy, Industrial Revolution, Health Technology
Document Summary
After industrial revolution 1800s population incline (fewer dying young) Population expected to grow but in reality, growth rate is decreasing. Fertility, mortality, migration: natural increase/decrease fertility minus mortality, net migration inflows minus outflows. Basic measure: crude birth rate (natality) = no. of births per 000 of population. Fecundity: the potential capacity of a woman to bear children (biological fertility) On average no. of births/female over lifespan 2. 1 2. 4 (depending on region) to maintain stable population (replacement level) Fertility is smaller than fecundity because of (in)voluntary birth restriction e. g. availability of contraception (e. g. Key point: fertility is the first key determinant of natural population change, and falls as economic development rises. Basic measure: mortality = relative no. of deaths in a given population. Better measures: age-specific mortality (e. g. child mortality) & life expectancy. Life expectancy has (mostly) been rising, mainly because of improved hygiene & vaccinations.
