PSYC10004 Lecture Notes - Spring 2018 Lecture 24 - Pessimism, Self Esteem (song), Agreeableness
20 Sep 2018
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PSYC10004
Lecture Twenty-Four
Notes - Personality Psychology
Psychoanalytic theories explain personality in a psychological manner!
"Psychological Structures and Processes!
Cognitive Explanations!
Explain personality with reference to cognitive processes & structures !
"Thoughts, Plans, Memories, Beliefs, Strategies
Focus on ways of thinking & the construction of meaning#
Having vs doing#
People as active sense-makers#
Emphasis on ‘experience-near’ phenomena Motivation to understand & predict#
Person-as-scientist model !
Cognitive Theory!
"No single theory!
"Examine four approaches!
""Perceiving (personal constructs)
"""Theory developed by George Kelly!
"""Proposes that humans are primarily driven to understand, predict and
control their environment!
"""We develop theories to assist in this process!
"""These theories are personal contracts!
""""Personal because Idiosyncratic to individuals!
""""We construct a sense of the world from these theories!
""""We use them to construe that world!
"""Human cognition is constructive!
""""bipolar and categorial!
""""eg. Warm vs cold!
""""eg. Honest vs untrustworthy!
"""The system of constructs is the personality!
"""Radical approach!
""""focus on perception vs behaviour!
""""idiographic focus on the person’s uniqueness!
"""Shortened example is the repertory grid!
"""Construct Systems!
""""systems of constructs can be analysed in several ways!
"""""simplicity ve complexity!
""""""one trait dominates (eg. looks) vs many traits !
"""""rigidity!
"""""conflict!
""Explaining (attributional style)
"""Constructs are about how we perceive the world!
"""Attributions are about how we explain it!
"""People aim to determine the causes of events and experiences!
"""Attributions differ on several dimensions!
""""Internal vs external (eg. dispositional vs situational)!
"""""Internal Cause: I caused it, reflects on me!
"""""External: Bad luck, fate, another person’s fault!
""""Stable vs unstable (eg. lasting vs transient)!
"""""Stable: lasting cause, not going to change, eg. Fate!
"""""Unstable: something that will change constantly!
""""Global vs specific (eg. broad vs narrow)!
"""""Global: broad significance!
"""""Specific: narrow significance!
"""Causes can vary along these dimensions" !
"""Concepts of attributional styles!
"""Focus on explanations for negative events!
"""Example - You do badly on a psychology exam…why?!
Document Summary
Psychoanalytic theories explain personality in a psychological manner. Explain personality with reference to cognitive processes & structures. Focus on ways of thinking & the construction of meaning. Emphasis on experience-near" phenomena motivation to understand & predict. Proposes that humans are primarily driven to understand, predict and control their environment. We develop theories to assist in this process. We construct a sense of the world from these theories. Human cognition is constructive bipolar and categorial eg. warm vs cold bipolar and categorial eg. warm vs cold eg. honest vs untrustworthy. Radical approach focus on perception vs behaviour idiographic focus on the person"s uniqueness. Construct systems systems of constructs can be analysed in several ways one trait dominates (eg. looks) vs many traits simplicity ve complexity rigidity con ict. Constructs are about how we perceive the world. People aim to determine the causes of events and experiences. Internal cause: i caused it, re ects on me.
