MIIM20001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 34: Adaptive Immune System, Smallpox, Affinity Maturation
5 Aug 2018
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Aims: elicit an immune response that will prevent or limit disease upon encounter with the target organism. Outcomes: prevention of disease, prevention of transmission, eradication of disease. Pre-existing antibody can prevent infection: most successful vaccines based around antibody, t cells must be infect before eliciting an immune response, small pox 20-50% lethality. Examples of vaccines: lethal infection with small pox: infection with cowpox (vaccinia) was sufficient to protect from, polio, diphtheria. Need a (cid:494)good immune system to have an effective vaccine. Vaccines need to ensure: activation of apc, activation of t cell, activation of b cell. Activated cd4 t cells in the b cell area of the lymph nodes provide (cid:494)help(cid:495) T cell interacts with antigen black areas. Attenuation of pathogens can be achieved through in vitro passage. Examples: not very reliable, hope mutations it accumulates makes it less virulent.
