BIOM20002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Endosteum, Medullary Cavity, Weight-Bearing
Document Summary
Axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs & sternum) Appendicular skeleton (limbs and limb girdles). e. g. clavicle, scapula, pelvis. Cartilage (embryological precursor to bone) (bone marrow, blood cells) Long: have a tubular shaft arm and leg bones, metacarpals (bones in hands), metatarsals (in feet), phalanges (fingers +toes) Short: cuboid - carpal (wrist), tarsal bones (ankle) Other: pneumatic (bone with air-filled sinuses, in the face), sesamoid (small bones imbedded in muscles and tendons. Found where muscles do a lot of movement. e. g. patella (knee cap) is a sesamoid bone imbedded in the quadriceps. Works like a ball bearing so repeated tendon movement doesn"t wear other bones), accessory (additional bone. e. g. may get an extra bone in the ankle) More bones in a child cos they haven"t been fused. 1/3rd organic - collagen fibres, protein, carbohydrate molecules. Combination provides for strength & resilience - minerals resist compression; collagen resists tension, gives tensile strength. Periosteum, compact and spongy bone present in all bones.
