BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Clonal Selection, Clonal Deletion
Week 10
Lecture 26
The Immune System part 2
Adaptive immunity
Antibodies
- B cell receptors are membrane bound antibodies
T-cell receptors (T-cells)
MHC (Major histocompatibility complex)
- Determines self and not self
Cytokines
- Can be peptides, proteins or glycoproteins
- Secreted by T helper cells
- Activate or inhibit B cells
- Macrophages, T-cells
antigens and antigenic determinants (molecules, or molecules on the outside of pathogens)
- interacts with specific receptors on T-cells and B-cells
- immunogens = something that causes and immune response
- not all antigens are immunogenic, but all immunogens are antigens
- antigenic determines = epitopes (specific region on an antigen recognises by a specific antibody or
T-cell receptor)
Key features
1. Specificity
2. Distinguishes self from non-self
3. Diversity
4. Immunological memory
Specificity
antibodies and T cell receptors bind to specific antigens
Humoral = fluid
- antibodies secreted by plasma cells to target antigens in body fluids
- antibodies: have variable regions (made up of some light + some heavy chain) and constant regions
(determines class of antibodies – there are 5), light (outside) and heavy (inside) regions, held
together by di-sulphide bonds
B-cells
B memory cells – (effector cells) remembers (long acting), can also secrete antibodies and
endocytose pathogens
B plasma cells – secrete antibodies (short acting)
Cellular = cells
- T cells attack body cells altered by infection of mutation
T cells
T helper cells – assist humoral and cellular, respond to cytokines that direct the action of other cells
T cytotoxic cells – respond by releasing perforins that poke holes in and lyse the infected cells
- T cell receptors have an alpha chain and a beta chain
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
B cell receptors are membrane bound antibodies. Antigens and antigenic determinants (molecules, or molecules on the outside of pathogens) Interacts with specific receptors on t-cells and b-cells. Immunogens = something that causes and immune response. Not all antigens are immunogenic, but all immunogens are antigens. Antigenic determines = epitopes (specific region on an antigen recognises by a specific antibody or. Key features: specificity, distinguishes self from non-self, diversity, immunological memory. Antibodies and t cell receptors bind to specific antigens. Antibodies secreted by plasma cells to target antigens in body fluids. Antibodies: have variable regions (made up of some light + some heavy chain) and constant regions (determines class of antibodies there are 5), light (outside) and heavy (inside) regions, held together by di-sulphide bonds. B memory cells (effector cells) remembers (long acting), can also secrete antibodies and endocytose pathogens. B plasma cells secrete antibodies (short acting) T cells attack body cells altered by infection of mutation.