BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Amoebiasis, Ctenophora, Thallophyte
Lecture 32: Animal Taxa
Taxonomy: branch of science concerned with classification, especially
of organisms
Zoonoses: infectious agents with human & animal (non-human) stages
of life cycle, can be transferred between humans & animals
Domain: Bacteria + eukarya + archaea
Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: chordata
Class: mammalia
Order: primates
Family: hominidae
Genus:
homo
Species:
sapiens
Did King Phillip come over for great sausages?
Homo sapiens:
italicised or underlined
Also sub-phylum, subclass, infra-classes
Humans are the only surviving species of the hominidae family
Species: a group of organisms that can mate with one another to
produce fertile offspring
Animals:
● Porifera: sponges: no regular symmetry, choanocytes with
flagellum
Radial symmetry & diploblastic:
● Ctenophora: comb jellies
● Cnidaria: jellyfish, sea anemones & corals
Diploblastic: two germ layers: endoderm & ectoderm
Mesoglea: acellular jelly in middle of endo & ectoderm
Single gut opening (internal gut cavity)
Choanocytes: flagellated cells in sponges that maintain a flow of water
through the body
Bilateria: most animals
bilaterally symmetrical
triploblastic: three germ layers, endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Protostomes: blastopore forms mouth (& only sometimes anus)
● platyhelminthes: flatworms: acoelomate, flattened
● annelida: earthworms, leeches, polychaete worms: coelomate,
segmented body plan
leeches: drink blood, anticoagulant in spit
● mollusca: snails & slugs, bivalves, squids & octopuses
mantle: may produce shell
gastropods: slugs & snails
bivalves: clams, oysters, mussels
cephalopods: squids, cuttlefish, octopuses
Eukaryotes:
● protists: mostly unicellular eukaryotes excluding animals, fungi
& plants
protozoa: animal-like protists (heterotrophic)
protophyta: plant-like (autotrophic) e.g. algae
sometimes disease causing e.g:
entamoeba causes amoebic dysentery (infection of the intestines,
blood & mucus in the faeces)
giardia causes giardiasis (intestinal disease) found in rivers & streams
toxoplasma causes toxoplasmosis, life cycle alternates between cats &
rats, makes rats unafraid of cats and thus more likely to be eaten, can
infect humans & cause pregnancy issues, not an issue unless it gets
into your brain
malaria: protists of genus
plasmodium,
uses humans & mosquitoes in
life cycle, ingest, it makes its way to salivary glands, when female
mosquito bites you, malaria parasite moves to liver and infects RBC’s
which burst and infection occurs, females bite you because they need
more protein to reproduce, males can use nectar
protists with features such as some form of motility, will be more
closely related to animals
plasmodium: parasitic protozoan of a genus which includes those
causing malaria
● plants: multicellular, autotrophic
● fungi: multicellular, heterotrophic, external digestion, non-
motile
● animals: multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion, usually
motile, unique cell junctions, unique extracellular matrix
proteins e.g. collagen
a lot of phylogeny is due to similarities/differences in embryonic
stages, morphological traits but also genome analysis (molecular
phylogenies)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Taxonomy: branch of science concerned with classification, especially. Protists: mostly unicellular eukaryotes excluding animals, fungi. Zoonoses: infectious agents with human & animal (non-human) stages. & plants of life cycle, can be transferred between humans & animals protozoa: animal-like protists (heterotrophic) Domain: bacteria + eukarya + archaea protophyta: plant-like (autotrophic) e. g. algae. Did king phillip come over for great sausages? into your brain. Humans are the only surviving species of the hominidae family. Animals: protists with features such as some form of motility, will be more closely related to animals. Porifera: sponges: no regular symmetry, choanocytes with plasmodium: parasitic protozoan of a genus which includes those flagellum. Cnidaria: jellyfish, sea anemones & corals causing malaria. Plants: multicellular, autotrophic fungi: multicellular, heterotrophic, external digestion, non- motile. Mesoglea: acellular jelly in middle of endo & ectoderm motile, unique cell junctions, unique extracellular matrix. Single gut opening (internal gut cavity) proteins e. g. collagen.
