BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 56: Aspirin, Clonal Selection, Defensin
31 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Monday, 3 April 2017
BIOL Notes
The Immune System
0-4hrs Fixed defences of Innate (non-specific, rapid) immune system
- Infection recognised by phagocytes and soluble components
4-96hrs induced defenced if the innate immune system
- Recruitment of effector cells (macrophages)
96 hrs— Adaptive (specific, slow, long-lasting) response
-Transport of antigens for recognition by T and B cells (proliferation of these cells)
Multipotent hematopoietic cells —> Bone marrow
Immune cells transported in blood and human lymphatic system
-Lymph nodes: small, round structures containing white blood cells, filters/inspects
lymph
T-cells: made in bone marrow and mature in thymus
B-cells: mature in bone marrow
Plasma and Lymph
PLASMA
Fluid/connective tissue of blood
90% water, 10% other components (proteins, hormones, nutrients, gased,
nitrogenous waste, electrolytes_
Contains white and red blood cells
NO RBC’S in Lymph!
Innate and adaptive immune system
!1
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Monday, 3 April 2017
Innate
MACROPHAGES
Phagocyte (phagocytic)
Engulf and digest pathogens, cellular debris, and infected cells
In areas where infection occurs
Specific name depending on tissue
Some phagocytes circulate
Others move through blood vessels
Use defensins and other factors
MAST CELLS
Surrounding blood vessels and nerves
Under epithelial cells in connective tissue of organs
Secrete Histamine and Prostaglandins
THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
->20 different proteins
-Made in liver
-attach to substances helps lysis
!2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Monday, 3 April 2017
INFLAMMATION
Epidermis- epithelial
Dermis- connective
1. Injury (skin is broken)
2. Causes histamine release from mast cells- increases permeability of blood vessels
3. Complement proteins move from blood into infected area
4. Phagocytes/macrophages move out of blood into dermis (engulf pathogens)
5. Plasma also moves into the area (INFLAMMATION- painful due to pressure and
prostaglandins increasing sensitivity of pain receptors)
6. Platelets from blood release growth factors (stimulates dermis cells to divide to heal
the wound)
(Aspirin will block Prostaglandin synthesis)
Adaptive Immunity (specific)
PROTEINS
Antibodies, T-cell Receptors, MHC, Cytokines (secreted by T Helper cells): specific
receptors activate or inhibit B-cells, Macrophages, T-cells
Antigen: Molecule that interacts with specific receptors on T-cells and B-cells
- B-cells, receptor is a membrane bound antibody
- Molecule from environment ( chemical or pollen or bacterial toxins: non-self)
Antigenic determinant (epitope): specific region on an antigen that is recognised by a
specific antibody or T-cell receptor (one antigen has many)
Immunogen: trigger an immune response (all antigens but not all antigens are
immunogens)
Specificity - Antibodies and t-cell receptors bind specific antigens
HUMORAL IMMUNE:
Antibodies secreted by plasma (B) cells (body fluids)
CELLULAR IMMUNE:
T-cells attack body cells (that have been altered by viral infection, mutation or antigens)
!3
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
0-4hrs fixed defences of innate (non-speci c, rapid) immune system. Infection recognised by phagocytes and soluble components. 4-96hrs induced defenced if the innate immune system. Transport of antigens for recognition by t and b cells (proliferation of these cells) Immune cells transported in blood and human lymphatic system. Lymph nodes: small, round structures containing white blood cells, lters/inspects lymph. T-cells: made in bone marrow and mature in thymus. 90% water, 10% other components (proteins, hormones, nutrients, gased, nitrogenous waste, electrolytes_ Engulf and digest pathogens, cellular debris, and infected cells. Under epithelial cells in connective tissue of organs. Antibodies, t-cell receptors, mhc, cytokines (secreted by t helper cells): speci c receptors activate or inhibit b-cells, macrophages, t-cells. Antigen: molecule that interacts with speci c receptors on t-cells and b-cells. B-cells, receptor is a membrane bound antibody. Molecule from environment ( chemical or pollen or bacterial toxins: non-self)
