BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Epithelium, Adipose Tissue, Autocatalysis
31 May 2018
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Sunday, 7 May 2017
Digestion
Nutrition
-Environmental signals
-Regulate gene expression (development and into adult life)
-Epigenetic mechanisms
Eating
Heterotrophs
Need to obtain our nutrients
Carbon skeleton
Need acetyl groups- can’t make so consume
Building blocks to provide metabolic energy:
Carbohydratyes- sugars
Protein- seeds and meat
Fats- fats and oils
Mineral elements in different amounts: macronutrients (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S) and
micronutrients (Cr, Co, F,I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn)
Vitamins
- Organic molecules, function as co-enzymes (or parts of)
-‘Vital’ necessary, ‘Amine’ a nitrogen contain gin organic compound
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMIN
Vitamin B1. thiamin, liver, legumes, yeast, whole grains
Function- Coenzyme in cellular respiration
!1
Energy
Carbohydrates
ATP stored as glycogen
Fats
More energy via ATP
Amino Acids
Building blocks for proteins
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Sunday, 7 May 2017
Deficiency—> beriberi, tingling sensations, irritability, loss of appetite, constipation,
forgetfulness , IN RICE
Vitamin C (asorbic acid). citrus fruit
Function—> Aids formation of connective tissue, prevents oxidation of cellular
constituents
Deficiency —> Weakness, swelling and weakness, softening of the gums, depression
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamin D, calciferol, fortified milk, fish oils, sunshine
Function- absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Deficiency —> Depression (sub-clinical), rickets (affects calcium absorption)
Amino Acids
Deficiency impairs protein synthesis (8 in humans)
In milk, eggs, meat (not in all vegetables)
Fatty Acids
Notably linoleic acid- involved in synthesis of other fatty acids
Ingestion and feeding
Saprobes- carbon and energy directly from dead matter
Detritivores- from waste products of other organic matter
Filter feeders- trap tiny particles or organisms in water
Predator- catch and kill another organism
Storage of energy in humans
Energy in chemical bonds
Measured in calories (amount of energy requires to raise the temp. of 1 gm of water
by 1 degree)
Fats yield 9.5 kcal/g, carbohydrates 4.2 kcal/g, proteins 4.1 kcal/g
Males need more c than females
!2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Regulate gene expression (development and into adult life) Mineral elements in different amounts: macronutrients (ca, mg, p, k, na, s) and micronutrients (cr, co, f,i, fe, mn, mo, se, zn) Organic molecules, function as co-enzymes (or parts of) Vital" necessary, amine" a nitrogen contain gin organic compound. Vitamin b1. thiamin, liver, legumes, yeast, whole grains. De ciency > beriberi, tingling sensations, irritability, loss of appetite, constipation, forgetfulness , in rice. Function > aids formation of connective tissue, prevents oxidation of cellular constituents. De ciency > weakness, swelling and weakness, softening of the gums, depression. Vitamin d, calciferol, forti ed milk, sh oils, sunshine. De ciency > depression (sub-clinical), rickets (affects calcium absorption) In milk, eggs, meat (not in all vegetables) Notably linoleic acid- involved in synthesis of other fatty acids. Saprobes- carbon and energy directly from dead matter. Detritivores- from waste products of other organic matter. Filter feeders- trap tiny particles or organisms in water.
