BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Ontogeny, Heredity, Archaea
Monday, February 26, 2018
Lecture 1: Introduction to Biology
1st Foundation of Biology: Evolution through Natural Selection
-CHARLES DARWIN
•All life evolved from preexisting life
•Homology: Things that have the same evolutionary ancestry are homologous
•Fossils - Observe increasing complexity with passage of time
-Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny
•As an embryo, we replay the evolution of our ancestry.
•Embryos tell about their evolutionary ancestry
•Embryos have webbed fingers ; programmed cell death expressed in tissue
-HOMOLOGY - common ancestral features
-BIOGEOGRAPHY - isolated places have unique flora & fauna ; evolving
independently ; Protracted Evolution
-Darwin’s Three observations
•Individuals in a population vary - different abilities / skills, appearance : fitness to
the environment around you
•Pass on traits (fitness) to offspring - heredity : you inherit the traits that predict the
fitness of the offspring in their environment. Offspring will be fit in the environment &
allow them to survive and have more offspring. Less fit offspring will not survive,
and will eventually die out.
•Never enough resources - constant competition for survival & reproduction (MATE).
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
-Evolution is a two step process
•The further back you go, the simpler the organisms are
•1st- VARIABILITY
•2nd- Ordering that variability by NATURAL SELECTION
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Document Summary
1st foundation of biology: evolution through natural selection. Charles darwin: all life evolved from preexisting life, homology: things that have the same evolutionary ancestry are homologous, fossils - observe increasing complexity with passage of time. Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny: as an embryo, we replay the evolution of our ancestry, embryos tell about their evolutionary ancestry, embryos have webbed ngers ; programmed cell death expressed in tissue. Biogeography - isolated places have unique ora & fauna ; evolving independently ; protracted evolution. Darwin"s three observations: individuals in a population vary - different abilities / skills, appearance : tness to the environment around you, pass on traits ( tness) to offspring - heredity : you inherit the traits that predict the. Offspring will be t in the environment & allow them to survive and have more offspring. Less t offspring will not survive, and will eventually die out: never enough resources - constant competition for survival & reproduction (mate).
