ANAT20006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Nasal Cavity, Maxillary Sinus, Ethmoid Bone
12 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 22
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT - NASAL & ORAL CAVITIES,
LARYNX & PHARYNX
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
•(1) Larynx: voice box. Top of trachea.
Top end of system of cartilages for air
funneling in and out of the lungs. Very
important. Contains vocal ligaments/
cords, the lower/inferior of which
contain true vocal cords which move to
produce sound, and the rest of which
help shape the sound further.
•Pharynx: area behind larynx and nasal/
oral cavities. Sling at the back helping to
funnel food down oesophagus and air
down airways. Important for swallowing.
NASAL CAVITY
MUCOUS MEMBRANES & FEATURES OF MEDIAL
WALL
•(2) nasal septum. Nasal cavity split into 2 halves by mid-sagittal
section.
•Medial wall unimpressive: flat sheet of mucosa. The
mucosa is important;
highly vascular with
mucous producing cells.
Important for 1.
Trapping foreign
particles and creating a
warm humid
environment for air to
become closer to body
temp as we breathe in.
•The vestibule at the front
is lined by skin and hair
instead of mucosa.
•Nasal cavity split into 2 areas based on
epithelium appearance:
•1. Olfactory area: sensory nerves with
chemosensors sensing smell and passing info through
holes into the roof of the cavity into the first cranial
nerve to go to the brain.
•2. Respiratory area: very particular epithelium
contributing to respiratory function.
•Cilia help to move mucous along the epithelium.
FEATURES OF LATERAL WALL
•(3) big feature: 3 shelves of bone lined by mucosa,
known as turbinates. 3 bones called conchi hanging
off lateral wall. There is a superior, middle and inferior
concha.
Lecture 22 - Monday 11 September 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
•(4) There are spaces below the conchi known as meatus. There
are superior, middle and inferior meatus.
PARANASAL SINUSES
•(5) spaces adjacent to the nasal cavity that open up into the
bones around the nasal cavity. Develop as outpouchings of wall
so they drag mucosa and
epithelium with them.
•4 groups:
•Frontal sinus: opens
into frontal bone
•Ethmoid sinuses:
open into ethmoid
bone
•Sphenoid sinus:
opens into sphenoid
bone
•Maxillary sinus:
opens up into cheek
•The first three
are where I get
headaches basically. frontal
is in nose bridge, ethmoid is
behind the nose and
sphenoid is behind ethmoid.
•These spaces communicate with the nasal cavity and
thus provide a pathway by which bacteria can spread
and cause infection. This can causes swelling,
compressing the mucosa, which can cause pain as it has high
nerve function.
ORAL CAVITY
•(6) has got a roof, floor, lips, teeth and tongue.
•Roof made up of hard palate with 2 horizontal
processes.
•Floor made up mainly of mandible
TONGUE
•(7) highly muscular. Tongue movements are important for shaping bolus of
food for swallowing. Tongue also moves to shape speech sounds and is
important for taste.
•Divided into anterior ⅔ and posterior ⅓ by a v shaped
groove called sulcus terminalis with an apex pointing
Lecture 22 - Monday 11 September 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Document Summary
Upper respiratory tract - nasal & oral cavities, Top en of system of artilages for air funneling in an out of the lungs. Ontain true vo al or s whi h move to pro u e soun , an the rest of whi h help shape the soun further: pharynx: area behin larynx an nasal/ oral avities. Sling at the ba k helping to funnel foo own oesophagus an air. Nasal avity split into 2 halves by mi -sagittal se tion: me ial wall unimpressive: flat sheet of mucosa. The mu osa is important; highly vas ular with mu ous pro u ing ells. Hemosensors sensing smell an passing info through holes into the roof of the avity into the first ranial nerve to go to the brain: 2. Ontributing to respiratory fun tion: cilia help to move mu ous along the epithelium.
