BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Periodic Table, Energy, Ribosome
10 May 2018
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Department
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BIOL108
WEEK 1
LECTURE 2
- Made from one atom
- Simplest being hydrogen
- Periodic table is universal
- Main 4 elements: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon and Nitrogen – Most tissues are made
up of these 4 elements
- Livings articulates the elements themselves = Principle of living things
- Accumulate things from the environment
- Elements are important to activities in the body
- Purple are in microscopic quantity = vitamins and minerals
- Two or more atoms joined together = MOLECULE
- Two or more elements joined together = COMPOUND
- Neon = Noble gas; does not react to anything – Not useful in building compound
- Carbon = Combines with all other elements – Useful
- Water – Most abundant molecule in living things
- “lightl positive harge at the top Oge, “lightl egative harge Hdroge
- Carbon is a gas between 0-100degree
- Water sticks to itself – It attracts other water molecules
- Water is liquid between 0 and 100 degree
- Hydrogen bonding gives water cohesion
- Large amounts of energy must be gained or lost = stabilises the temperature of
organisms and oceans
- Water freeze from the bottom of the ocean, up
- More Hydrogen = acidic, more hydroxide = basic
- Sulfur and Nitrogen oxides = acid rain = Pollution
- Acid rains damages nature, architecture and living organisms
- Fredrich August Kekule von Stradonitz = Chemist
- Dreamt of a snake biting its tail = Came up with the ring
- Glucose = important building block and biochemical pathways
- Many biological molecules = POLYMERS
- Singular molecule = MONOMER
- Glucose is a carbohydrate
- Energy storage molecule
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Store glucose together, joined together to produce glycogen
- Liver stores glucose as glycogen
- Lipids does not resolve in water
- Fats and oils = long term storage
- Fat insulates the body and cushion major organs
- Phospholipids = Important components of cell membrane
- Fat molecules are composed of fatty acids
- Fatty acids = insoluble
- Steriods = relate to cholesterol and consists of four carbon rings
- Proteins = Polymers of amino acids; organics molecules
- Joined together by condensation = proteins
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Document Summary
Main 4 elements: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen most tissues are made up of these 4 elements. Livings articulates the elements themselves = principle of living things. Elements are important to activities in the body. Purple are in microscopic quantity = vitamins and minerals. Two or more atoms joined together = molecule. Two or more elements joined together = compound. Neon = noble gas; does not react to anything not useful in building compound. Carbon = combines with all other elements useful. Water most abundant molecule in living things. Lightl(cid:455) positive (cid:272)harge at the top (cid:862)o(cid:454)(cid:455)ge(cid:374)(cid:863), lightl(cid:455) (cid:374)egative (cid:272)harge (cid:862)h(cid:455)droge(cid:374)(cid:863) Water sticks to itself it attracts other water molecules. Water is liquid between 0 and 100 degree. Large amounts of energy must be gained or lost = stabilises the temperature of organisms and oceans. Water freeze from the bottom of the ocean, up. More hydrogen = acidic, more hydroxide = basic. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides = acid rain = pollution.
