MD 1010:12 Lecture Notes - Phosphoglycerate Mutase, Enolase, Pyruvic Acid
GLYCOLYSIS =GLUCOSE BREAKDOWN
glucose
glucokinase -(liver
,pancreas ,RBC )(
ATP
hexokinase -(skeletal muscle )
high km
✓>App LOW km"Iinhibited by Gbp )
glucose 6-phosphate
[high F6P]
^
phosphoglucoisomevase
phosphotructokihasez .
u
fructose
2,6
-bis phosphate (
Mfructose 6-phosphate
h
ATP
phosphotrnctokinase 1
ADP
ATP
(
✓
)
ADP
(inhibited by ATP ,
fructose 1,6
-bis phosphate
stimulated by AMP and Fzbp )
7r
aldolase Aaldolase A
Lj
dihyavoxyacetone glycevaldehyde
()
phosphate those phosphate }-phosphate
isomerase Pi
#nap 3- phosphoglyceraldehyde
vNADHZ dehydrogenase
1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate
^gADP
3- phosphoglycerate
vATP kinase
3- phosphoglycerate
^phosphoglyceromutase
2-
phosphovglycerate
(Inhibited by fluoride )^enolase
\tho
.can occur in the presence or absence phosphoehflpyvuvate
of glucose
.Occurs in the cytosol .(
""
pyruvatekinase
ATP
*high Km =low affinity for glucose ✓
pyruvate
low Km= high affinity for glucose .
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GLYCOLYSIS =GLUCOSE BREAKDOWN
. Energy is extracted from glucose via ametabolic
pathway that is found in almost all living phosphoglucose
glucose isomevase
Organisms .
-
fructose
'Glylolysis consists of two phases -the first phase b- phosphate 6-phosphate
involves the activation of glucose by two molecules of
ATP Ithe investment phase)and the second phase
of the pathway involves harvesting energy from REACTION #3
the oxidation of glucose and the formation of -Same process as glucose →glucose 6- phosphate .
four ATP molecules and the reduction of two .Cycle is Still in investment phase .
NADS (harvesting phase ).
phosphotructo Kinase .1
REACTION #1:fructose 6-
-fructose 1,6 -
iWhen he xo Kinase is involved ,Mgzt is the co -phosphate -bi phosphate
factor (for any kinase ).
ATP ADP
.Phosphorylation requires the expenditure of an
ATP molecule .
↳aphosphate is taken from ATP for REACTION #4:
Phosphorylation to Occur .ATP then converts . Fructose 1,6 -bi phosphate Is broken up .This is done
to ADP .by using the enzyme Aldo late .
↳phosphorylation →addition of phosphate .
.Aldolase facilitates aIdol reactions .
↳can merge two molecules together or ,
Hexo Kinase ↳Or break up amolecule .
glucose -glucose In this case ,aldolase is used To break up amolecule .
~6-phosphate . Fructose 1,6 -Bi phosphate is broken up into two ,
ATP ADP 3Carbon chains .
↳Di hydroxy acetone phosphate and glycev aldehyde
3-phosphate are produced ,and can be converted
REACTION #2:between the two molecules using the enzyme ,
×Isom erases are enzymes that help to go from one those phosphate isomerase .
isomer to another .
°Instead of the oxygen being bound to the carbon .At this point ,think of it as having two glycer aldehyde
1atom ,it swaps To carbon 2.3-phosphate molecules .
↳as the cycle continues ,image it occurring twice for
every glucose molecule .
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Bis phosphate ( fructose 6 - phosphate. 2-phosphovglycerate phosphoglyceromutase dehydrogenase by fluoride ) occur in the. * high km = low affinity for glucose low. Energy is extracted from glucose via a metabolic pathway that is found in almost all living. " glylolysis consists of two phases - the first phase involves the activation of glucose by two molecules of. Atp i the investment phase) and the second phase of the pathway involves harvesting energy from the oxidation of glucose and the formation of four. Reaction # 1 : i when he xo kinase is involved. , mgzt is the co - factor for any kinase ) . Phosphorylation addition of phosphate . glucose. Isom erases are enzymes that help to go from one isomer to another. Instead of the oxygen being bound to the carbon. 3 - phosphate phosphate this point , produced , phosphate. Carbon between the two two molecules molecule molecules molecules.
