PSYC1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Surrogacy, Mary Ainsworth, John Bowlby
26 Jun 2018
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Temperament:
Individual style and frequency of expressing needs and emotions.
- Biologically and genetically bases
- Influenced by parental expectations and interactions
- Cultural differences and influences
- Quite stable: particular type of child is often the same type of adult
Thomas and Chess, 1977 classified child temperament
- Easy
oDevelops regular patterns early – eating, sleeping. Mild emotional reactions, easily
soothed, readily adaptable to new people and situations
- Difficult
oDoes not easily settle into biological routines, intense emotional reactions, not easily
soothed, less adaptable. Distressed when changes occur
- Slow to warm up
oWary in new situations, requires time and support to settle and adapt. Sit back then
warm up like an “easy child”.
Still nature vs nurture, could be picking up on parents uptightness to be a difficult baby
Attachment:
Enduring and selective emotional bond between two individuals, characterised by mutual affection
and desire to maintain proximity (Bowlby, 2012)
Freud: emphasised that infants became attached to the person or object that provides oral
satisfaction. Infants breastfeed so oral needs are met
Erikson: first year of life represents the stage of trust v mistrust – sensitive care and comfort are key
to establishing basic trust in infants
Bowlby: infants and parents are biologically predisposed to form attachments. Attachment is based
on parent responsiveness and interaction between infant and parent.
Is there a critical period for attachment to occur?
- Imprinting (Lorenz) not same for humans
- Children raised in orphanages show less capacity to attach to care givers the later they are
adopted. People catered to their needs but babies suffered, didn’t develop normally. The
older the children, the worse the outcome. Critical period because if they don’t have an
attachment figure, they won’t develop properly
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Individual style and frequency of expressing needs and emotions. Quite stable: particular type of child is often the same type of adult. Easy: develops regular patterns early eating, sleeping. Mild emotional reactions, easily soothed, readily adaptable to new people and situations. Difficult: does not easily settle into biological routines, intense emotional reactions, not easily soothed, less adaptable. Slow to warm up: wary in new situations, requires time and support to settle and adapt. Sit back then warm up like an easy child . Still nature vs nurture, could be picking up on parents uptightness to be a difficult baby. Enduring and selective emotional bond between two individuals, characterised by mutual affection and desire to maintain proximity (bowlby, 2012) Freud: emphasised that infants became attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction. Erikson: first year of life represents the stage of trust v mistrust sensitive care and comfort are key to establishing basic trust in infants.
