HUMB1002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Vertebra, Vertebral Column, Airbus A400M Atlas
3 Aug 2018
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Document Summary
Curvatures act to increase flexibility and improve shock absorption. Protection of the spinal colum and spinal nerves. Support weight: vertebrae from different regions present similar characteristics. Vertebral foramen: form vertebral canal where spinal cord is found. Articular processes & facets (zygapophyses/articular surface): superior & inferior. Typical: c3-c6, small rectangular body, large triangular vertebral foramen (due to plexus, short transverse processes, foramen transversarium (ateries run through them, horizontal articular processes & facets, bifid spinous process. C1- big articular facets on atlas to allow articulation with cranium. C2- axis has a dens between facets that goes through atlas to allow rotation, forming a pivot joint. Sacrum: base: articulates with the l5 at the lumbosacral angle, apex: articulates with coccyx, dorsal surface: rough & convex, pelvic surface: smooth & concave. Attachment point for gluteus maximus and coccygeal muscles. Vertebral bodies articulate at secondary cartilaginous joints via intervertebral discs. Intervertebral discs primarily function to bind vertebrae together and absorb shock.
