BIOL3108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Cancer Stem Cell, Cellular Differentiation, The Terminal
Document Summary
Clonal cancer and mutator model proposes descendants of mutant cell(s) undergo new mutational events to trigger tumour expansion (lecture 17) Cancer stem cell (csc) in many tumours (brain, breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and liver, leukemias) have vastly more potent tumour initiator ability (lecture 19) Multiple models for origin of cancer stem cells (a) mutations in stem cells initiate oncogenic transformation; (b) transit amplifying progenitor cells accumulate multiple mutations to initiate malignancy (c) differentiated cells are de-differentiated to re-acquire stem-cell properties. Step a-c: modelling how cancer stem cells (cscs) drive tumorigenesis. Step a: tumours arise from mutations of cancer-critical genes in somatic cells. Tumours arise from genetic mutations of cancer-critical genes in somatic cells. Don"t have to start off as a stem cell, recall that cells can gain the ability to go back to the stem cell status, and hence, replicate limitlessly. These events predominantly affect long-lived somatic stem cells, which can represent the cancer cell of origin.
