BIOL1008 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Healthy Eating Pyramid, Chemical Classification, Blood Sugar
BIOL1008: Topic 2 – Diet and Nutrition
Lecture 1 – Nutrition and Public Heath, Nutrients and Energy
• Regulation of food intake to outtake - between 0.1% and 0.01%, so you only gain 2-5kg in 20
years
• Understand how nutritional research informs public heath
• Review major groups of food nutrients
• Highlight recent changes in understanding of nutrient recommendations
• Chapter 26 in that guys textbook - last bit - pdf on website
Nutrition and public health
• Large improvements in nutrition over the last 100 years
• Simple messages (adequate protein intake, adequate vitamins/minerals)
• Deficiencies rarely seen in developed nations
• Rise of food based substances over real food
o Margarine is engineered
1. Eat real food
2. Eat more plants
3. Eat less of it
Healthy eating pyramid
• Nutrition Australia
• Messages
o All fats and oils are equally bad - avoid them - this is misleading
o Increase our consumption of cereal food - not all equally good
o Avoid eating sugar (fat, rot teeth, sugar hit)
o Limit consumption of eggs - because they contain cholesterol - not true
• Most cholesterol comes from the liver
Nutrients
• Nutrients = food in form that can be used by body
• Macronutrients = nutrients that either serve as fuel or are essential in synthesis of cellular
products.
o Carbohydrates
o Proteins
o Fats
• Micronutrients = nutrients that are required in small amounts such as vitamin
Energy
• Energy in food transferred to bond of ATP - that is used in the cell
• Different components yield more or less
o Fat = 39.8 kJ/g
o Carbs = 17.5kJ/g
• Distinguish between gross (total amount of energy, even in cellulose), digestible (gross - what
is excreted in faeces) and metabolise (gross - urine, gas, etc.)
• Energy density
o Largely misused
o Apple has more than coke
• Carbohydrates
o Chemical classification
• Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
▪ Glucose
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
