PHTY100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Anserine, Posterior Meniscofemoral Ligament, Body Of Femur
Bones and Joints of the Knee
4.1 Identify and classify the bones of the thigh and leg:
•Femur
•Tibia
•Fibular
4.2 On the distal end of the femur (re-) identify:
•Medial and lateral condyles
•Medial and lateral epicondyles
•Adductor tubercle
•Intercondylar fossa
•Popliteal surface
•Patellar surface
4.3 On the proximal end of the tibia (re-) identify:
•Tibia plateau
•Medial and lateral condyles
•Intercondylar eminence
•Fibular articular facet
•Tibial tuberosity
4.4 On the proximal end of the fibular identify:
•Head
•Articular facet
4.5 Identify, classify and state the functions of the patella
-Increases the mechanical advantage, or leverage, of the quads
-protection for the patellar tendon/ligament
-spreads compressive forces passing to the femoral condyles
4.6 On the patella identify:
•Anterior surface
•Articular surface- medial and lateral facets
•Apex
4.7 Classify the knee joint and identify and/ or describe its:
Tibiofemoral joint- synovial, biaxial, c ondyloid, flexion (140d), internal (30d) and external (40d)
rotation, between tibial and
femoral condyles.
Patellofemoral joint- synovial, plane, longitudinal gliding and some rotation around a transverse
axis, between patellar surface of femur and articular surface of patella.
•Articular surface
-Femur – male surface
-medial and lateral femoral condyles
-convex in both planes, longer AP than transverse
-medial condyle longer than lateral condyle
-Tibia - female
-medial and lateral tibial condyles
-mostly flat in both planes, separated by intercondylar area
-medial condyle is larger, oval and is more convex than lateral condyle
-Femoral surface
-larger lateral part
-Patellar surface
-facets on posterior surface, lateral facet is larger
•Joint capsule
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-no complete independent capsule
-deficient anteriorly, replaced by tendon of quadriceps femoris
-posterior and lateral capsule more as expected
-much additional ligamentous strengthening
-receives contribution from biceps femoris, semimembranosus, quadriceps femoris, iliotibial
band
•Synovial capsule
-lines the capsule
-extensive & complex
-communication with a number of key bursa
•Ligaments
•patellar (capsular)
-connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity
-continuous with the tendon of quadriceps femoris
-adjacent to the patellar retinacular – expansions of the insertions of vastus medialis and
vastus lateralis
-embedded is the biggest sesamoid bone (patella)
-Continued on from the patella tendon
•medial (tibial) collateral (capsular)
-flat band
-attaches to medial meniscus
-limits extension and medial rotation
-prevents abduction
-thickening of capsule of medial side of knee
•lateral (fibular) collateral (extracapsular)
-long, thin cord
-limits extension and lateral rotation
-prevents adduction
•anterior cruciate (intracapsular)
-anterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle
-some part of this ligament is taut in every joint position
-limits medial rotation
-prevents anterior slide of tibia on femur
-extrasynovial
•posterior cruciate (intracapsular)
-posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
-attaches to lateral meniscus via the posterior meniscofemoral ligament
-limits medial rotation
-prevents posterior slide of tibia on femur
-extrasynovial
•Posterior meniscofemoral (intracapsular)
•Medial patellofemoral (MPFL)
-band of fibres running from the superomedial aspect of the patella and inserting in the space
between the adductor tubercle and the medial femoral condyle
-main function is to prevent lateral displacement of the patella
•Oblique popliteal (capsular)
-feature of posterior capsule
-expansion of semimembranosus tendon
-passes laterally and superiorly to attach to femur
•arcuate popliteal (capsular)
-feature of posterior capsule
-expansion of biceps femoris attachment to head of fibula
-passes medially and superiorly across capsule over popliteus
•Anterolateral (capsular)
-band running from lateral femoral condyle to the anterolateral aspect of proximal tibia- midway
between Gerdy’s tubercle and tip of fibular head
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Document Summary
4. 1 identify and classify the bones of the thigh and leg: femur, tibia, fibular. 4. 2 on the distal end of the femur (re-) identify: medial and lateral condyles, medial and lateral epicondyles, adductor tubercle, intercondylar fossa, popliteal surface, patellar surface. 4. 3 on the proximal end of the tibia (re-) identify: tibia plateau, medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence, fibular articular facet, tibial tuberosity. 4. 4 on the proximal end of the bular identify: head, articular facet. 4. 5 identify, classify and state the functions of the patella. Increases the mechanical advantage, or leverage, of the quads. Spreads compressive forces passing to the femoral condyles. 4. 6 on the patella identify: anterior surface, articular surface- medial and lateral facets, apex. 4. 7 classify the knee joint and identify and/ or describe its: Tibiofemoral joint- synovial, biaxial, c ondyloid, exion (140d), internal (30d) and external (40d) rotation, between tibial and femoral condyles.
