BIOL123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Cell Membrane, Phosphodiester Bond, Phospholipid
17 Jun 2018
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TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3.1 Discuss the structure and function of the major biomolecules at a basic level
· Carbohydrates
o Sugars
o Monosaccharides
o General formula (CH2O)n
o Large carbohydrates are linked by covalent bonds called glycosidic bonds
· Lipids
o Organic molecule that is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in non-
polar organic solvents; typically contains long hydrocarbon chains or
multiple rings. One class, the phospholipids, forms the structural basis of
biological
· Proteins
o Polymer built from amino acids that provides cells with their shape and
structure and performs most of their activities
· Nucleic acids
o Macromolecule that consists of a chain of nucleotides joined together by
phosphodiester bonds; RNA or DNA
3.2 Discuss the properties of enzymes and optimum conditions for their activity
• Enzyme: a protein that catalyses a specific chemical reaction without itself
being consumed
• Optimum conditions depends on what type of enzyme it is:
o Usually pH around 6-8
o In human body, temperature around 35 to 40 degrees Celsius
3.3 Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane and explain the
function of the major molecular components:
• The close and more regular the packing of the hydrocarbon tails, the more
viscous and less fluid the bilayer will be
· Phospholipids
· Sterols (cholesterol)
o Modulates membrane fluidity (fluid but not too fluid)
o Present in large amounts in the plasma membrane
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
3. 1 discuss the structure and function of the major biomolecules at a basic level. Carbohydrates: sugars, monosaccharides, general formula (ch2o)n, large carbohydrates are linked by covalent bonds called glycosidic bonds. Lipids: organic molecule that is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in non- polar organic solvents; typically contains long hydrocarbon chains or multiple rings. One class, the phospholipids, forms the structural basis of biological. Proteins: polymer built from amino acids that provides cells with their shape and structure and performs most of their activities. Nucleic acids: macromolecule that consists of a chain of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds; rna or dna. 3. 4 explain the process of diffusion down a concentration gradient, across a semipermeable membrane: molecules move down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration. 3. 5 recognise in the laboratory the effect of a semipermeable membrane on the movement of molecules.
