CHEM 1410 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8.1-8.2: Atomic Orbital, Angular Momentum, Electron Configuration
29 Oct 2016
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Chapter 8 (electron configuration and chemical periodicity) textbook notes. Describes electron property called spin (spin on axis in a certain direction depending on whether electrons are attracted by it or repelled by it: ms - +1/2 or -1/2. No two electrons of the same atom have the same set of quantum numbers. Atomic orbital can have a maximum of 2 electrons, but must have opposing spins. Electrostatic effects attraction of opposite charges and repulsion of like charges. Energy of orbital depends on size (n value) and to a smaller extent shape (l) Energy differences occur because of nuclear attraction, electron repulsions and orbital shape (radial probability distribution) He and he+ : he has 2 electrons and he+ has 1 electron, so it takes less energy to remove an electron from he because the electrons shield each other: shielding by electrons in inner energy levels. Because inner electrons are between nucleus and outer electrons, they have a lower effective nuclear charge.
