BIOL 257 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Hydrophile, Adenine, Carboxylic Acid
Document Summary
2. 1: atoms, bonds, and molecules: fundamental building blocks. The universe is composed of an infinite variety of substances existing in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states. All such tangible materials that occupy space and have mass are called matter. The organization of matter whether air, rocks, or bacteria begins with individual building blocks called atoms. Atom: a tiny particle that cannot be subdivided into smaller substances without losing its properties: subatomic particles: All atoms share the same fundamental structure. All protons are identical, all neutrons are identical, and all electrons are identical. But when these subatomic particles come together in specific, varied combinations, unique types of atoms called elements result. Isotopes: variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons. These multiple forms occur naturally in certain proportions. The stru(cid:272)ture of a(cid:374) ato(cid:373) (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e e(cid:374)visio(cid:374)ed as a (cid:272)e(cid:374)tral (cid:374)u(cid:272)leus surrou(cid:374)ded (cid:271)y a (cid:858)(cid:272)loud(cid:863) of electrons that constantly rotates about the nucleus in pathways.
