ECON 401 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Indifference Curve, Utility, Cardinal Utility

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Chapter 4: Utility
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJ43GdU5Uzc&t=19s
Utility: numeric easure of a perso’s happiess
How to make the choice that maximizes utility?
Theory of consumer behavior: utility as a way to describe preferences
Utility function: a way of assigning a number to every possible consumption bundle such
that more-preferred bundles get assigned larger numbers than less-preferred bundles.
Ordinal/ranking.
Monotonic transformation: a way of transforming one set of numbers into another set
of numbers in a way that preserves the order of the numbers. if f(u) is any monotonic
transformation of a utility function, then f(u( ) represents those same preferences.
ALWAYS HAS A POSITIVE ROC.
o ROC of f(u) as u changes: 
   

Utility function is a way to label indifference curves: since every bundle on an
indifference curve must have the same utility, a utility function is a way of assigning
numbers to the different indifference curves in a way that higher indifference curves get
assigned larger numbers.
o Monotonic transformation is a relabeling of these indifference curves
4.1 Cardinal Utility
Cardinal utility theories: attach a significance to the magnitude of utility
To tell whether one bundle or another will be chosen, we only have to know which is
preferred hich has the larger utility… koig ho uch larger does’t add aythig
to our description of choice
4.2 Constructing a Utility Function
Not all kinds of preferences can be represented by a utility function
o Ex. A B C A u(A) > u(B) > u(C) > u(A). Not possible!
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