PSYC 178 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Extraversion And Introversion, Job Enrichment, Total Quality Management
Document Summary
Motivation- concerns conditions responsible for the variations in intensity, persistence, quality, and direction of ongoing behavior. Research historically directed mostly to factory and assembly lines. Instincts- inborn tendency that is thought to direct behavior: driven by psychoanalytic theory, first things studied in motivation. Skinners behaviorist approach- placed emphasis on environment rather than any internal needs/instincts. Field theory- proposed that various forces in the psychological environment interacted and combined to yield a final course of action: each force has valence that attracts or repels individual, group dynamics- application field that grew from field theory. Cognitive theories shifted focus to thought and decision processes of individual: what people think about and how they choose course of action. Metaphors for motivation: 1) person as machine. Reflexive and involuntary and performed without conscious awareness: pushed by internal needs or, pulled by environmental stimuli, 2) person as scientist. People are active info gatherers and analysts who seek knowledge and understanding as way of mastering environment.
