PHIL 12 Chapter 8, 17, 18: Correlations Calculated & Seeing Causes & Causal Relations
Document Summary
Phil 12 textbook notes chapter 8: correlations calculated & chapter 17: seeing. 8. 3 statistical significance: statistically significant: when the data in the sample justifies the conclusion about a possible correlation. 17. 2 causes and explanations: can say x caused y when the fact that x happens explains that y happened. 17. 3 does everything have a cause: kant: experience hasn"t given us any reason to believe that everything has a cause, assumption that everything has a cause is precondition for rational thought. If you didn"t think this, you couldn"t think rationally. 17. 4 stochastic causes: stochastic cause: doesn"t fully determine the effect, just makes it more probable, deterministic cause: clearly determines the effect. 17. 6 causes and human actions: humans are not deterministic, or they are, or they are sometimes completely free of cause. 18. 1 causes and explanations: causal explanation: explains by giving its causes; full one will give a variety of initial conditions.
