PHIL 12 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Deductive Reasoning, Empiricism, Inductive Reasoning
Document Summary
Phil 12 textbook notes chapter 1: galileo and mrs. smith & chapter 2: induction, Ancient approach got knowledge about the world from abstract principles instead of observation, and this led to errors. Inductive reasoning: reasoning to a conclusion about all of the members of a group from examining only a few of its members. Premises: one or more statements which describe the evidence. Argument: premises + conclusion; one or more premises intended to support a conclusion. Even if an argument is good and has true premises, it can still lead to a false conclusion. Good inductive argument premises give reasons to believe the conclusion. Argument isn"t good if one or more of the premises are false. Strong inductive argument: premises give strong evidence for the conclusion. Weak inductive argument: premises don"t give strong evidence for the conclusion. Good inductive argument: strong inductive argument with true premises.
