PHIL 10 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Ad Hominem, Informal Fallacy, Bandwagoning
Document Summary
Phil 10 textbook notes chapter 5: informal fallacies. Informal fallacies: patterns of reasoning that are sometimes good, sometimes bad. Cognitive biases: subconscious psychological process that impact reasoning, often negatively. Ad hominem: against the person, informal fallacy; presented by person a as counter to previous argument by person b, saying something about b. Ad hominem abusive: arguer insults/verbally abuses opponent, ignores opponent"s position: fallacy if not relevant to topic. Ad hominem tu quoque: calls other person a hypocrite, and this impugns their argument; activity should be avoided, but their opponent does this activity: fallacy if hypocrisy not relevant to topic. Ad hominem circumstantial: arguer appeals to circumstances/potential ulterior motives: fallacy if ulterior motive irrelevant to argument. Ad hominem association: opponent associated with person/group/event that is distasteful/has negative press: fallacy if association not relevant to topic. Ad populam: arguer attempts to persuade someone of something by pointing out popularity/desirability of thing/belief.
