CHEM 6C Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Endothermic Process, Molecular Mass, Thermodynamics

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Ex: the mixing of gases occurs spontaneously, but does not give of energy (some are even endothermic) Ex: when ice melts, it is spontaneous, but endothermic. Ex: when salt dissolves in water, it is spontaneous, but endothermic: therefore, enthalpy change is not the only factor that determines spontaneity. 23. 2 second law of thermodynamics: the 2nd law of thermodynamics places addiional restricions on energy transfers. Only equal if the process is reversible, where the direcion can be reversed at any point by an exceedingly small change in some parameter. Equaion for an isolated system: a system that cannot exchange energy with its surroundings, qsys = 0. Entropy is generated by any spontaneously occurring process. Heat lows from high temperatures to low temperatures. 23. 3 entropy and disorder: entropy may be considered as a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system. Posiional disorder: distribuion of paricles in space.

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