PUBH 1001 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Non-Communicable Disease, Epidemiological Transition, Fibromyalgia
Document Summary
If a test is positive: predictive value of a negative. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: represents the additional cost relative to the additional net-effectiveness, qaly, quality-adjusted like years, the number of life-years rather than the number of lives saved by intervention. Incubation period: clinical disease, tertiary prevention, recovery, disability or death, quaternary prevention. Why screen: disease is serious, disease has an asymptomatic period for early detection, early detection improves survival, reduces morbidity, lowers cost, public is willing to be screened. Diagnostic efficacy: the efficacy of a test is evaluated relative to what is known about the true disease state of individuals, the gold standard is the indisputable definition of health status. It is indisputable because evidence is clear (autopsy) or there is no alternative: sensitive test. Identify disease when it is present: true positive / (true positives + false negative, specific test. Identify the absence of disease when disease is absent: true negative / (true negative + false positive)
