PSY BEH 102C Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, Erectile Dysfunction, Paraphilia
27 Sep 2018
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Chapter 9 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria
I. What is normal sexuality?
A. Introduction
■ Sexual dysfunction - difficult to function adequately while having sex
■ Paraphilic disorders - sexual arousal occurs primarily in the context of
inappropriate objects or individuals
a) Philia - strong attraction or liking
b) Para - attraction is abnormal
■ General dysphoria - incongruence and psychological distress and
dissatisfaction with the gender one has been assigned at birth
B. Gender differences
■ Both men and women tend toward monogamous pattern of sexual
relationships, gender differences do exist
■ Higher percentage of men than women report that they masturbate
■ Difference in this because of traditional view that women have been
taught to associate sex with romance and emotional intimacy, where men
it is for physical gratification
■ Or, masturbation may be more convenient for men than women
■ Gender difference in incidence of casual sex, attitudes toward casulal
premarital sex, and pornographyuse with men expressing more permissive
attiudes
■ No gender difference in attitudes about homosexuality (accepted),
experience of sexual satisfaction (important), or attitudes toward
masturbation (accepted)
■ Sexual self schemas
a) Women - experience of passionate and romantic feelings as an
integral part of their sexuality; others, an embarrassed,
conservative or self conscious schema
b) Men - trong component of feeling powerful, independent, and
aggressive as well as passionate and loving; do not have negative
core beliefs
■ Peplau summary on gender difference
a) Men show more sexual desire and arousal than men
b) Women emphasize committed relationships as a context for sex
more than men
c) Men’s sexual beliefs are more plastic in that they are more easily
shaped by cultural, social, and situational factors
C. Cultural differences
■ In Sambia - Papua New Guinea
a) Semen is essential substance for growth and development and not
produced naturally
b) All young boys become semen recipients by engaging in
homosexual oral sex with teen boys; masturbation
forbidden/absent
c) In adolescence, they switch roles
d) Later on, they are married and have heterosexual activity
■ Munda - India
a) Adolescents and children live together
b) Sexual activity is petting and mutual masturbation is all
heterosexual
■ Premarital sexual behavior is culturally accepted and encouraged and
other places, it is unacceptable and discouraged
D. The development of sexual orientation
■ Report shows that homosexuality runs in families and is more common in
identical twins than fraternal
■ Homosexuality may be due to differential exposure to hormones such as
androgen levels in utero
■ Different structure in brain for homosexual
■ In media, sexual orientation has a biological cause
■ Fraternal birth order hypothesis - importance of environmental influences
■ Sexual orientation may be malleable or changeable over time
II. Overview of sexual dysfunctions
A. Introduction
■ Three different stages - desire, arousal, and orgasm - are associated with
specific sexual dysfunctions
■ Premature ejaculation in males only
■ Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder - difficulties with penetration
during intercourse due to painful contractions or spasms in vagina - in
females only
■ Disorders can be
a) Acquired - disorder that begins after sexual activity has been
relatively normal.
b) Lifelong
c) Generalized
d) Situational
B. Sexual desire disorders
■ Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder - little or no interest in sex that is
causing significant distress
a) Increases prevalence for men
■ Female sexual interest/arousal disorder - low sexual interest is
accompanied by diminished ability to become aroused by cues or activity
a) Decreases with age
C. Sexual arousal disorders
■ Erectile disorder - disorder of arousal, males have frequent sexual urges
and fantasies and a strong desire for sex but cannot become physically
aroused.
■ Terms for male erectile disorder and female interest and arousal
difficulties are impotence and frigidity
■ Prevalence of erectile dysfunction is high and increases with age
■ Difficult to estimate for women because they do not consider absence of
arousal a problem
D. Orgasm disorders
■ Delayed ejaculation - males who achieve orgasm only with difficulty or
not at all
■ Female orgasmic disorder is the term for women
■ Inability to reach orgasm is most common complaint about women
■ 25% of women report it
■ 8% for men
■ Men can suffer from retrograde ejaculation, in which ejaculatory fluid
travel backward into the bladder than forward.
■ More common male orgasmic disorder is premature ejaculation, occurs
well before man and partner wish it to
E. Sexual pain disorder
■ Genito pelvic pain/penetration disorder - women difficulties with
penetration during attempted intercourse or pain during intercourse
■ Severe anxiety or panic attacks may occur
■ Vaginismus - pelvic muscles in the outer third of the vagina undergo
involuntary spasms when intercourse is attempted.
a) Sensations of ripping, burning or tearing
F. Assessing sexual behavior
■ 3 aspects to assessment of sexual behavior
a) Interviews
b) Medical evaluation
c) Psychophysiological assessment
■ Clinicians must demonstrate they are comfortable talking about sexual
issues, use language that is familiar, and careful to ask questions
■ In medical evaluation, clinicians inquire about medical conditions that
affect sexual functioning
Document Summary
Chapter 9 sexual dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, and gender dysphoria: what is normal sexuality, introduction. Sexual dysfunction - difficult to function adequately while having sex. Paraphilic disorders - sexual arousal occurs primarily in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals: philia - strong attraction or liking, para - attraction is abnormal. General dysphoria - incongruence and psychological distress and dissatisfaction with the gender one has been assigned at birth: gender differences. Both men and women tend toward monogamous pattern of sexual relationships, gender differences do exist. Higher percentage of men than women report that they masturbate. Difference in this because of traditional view that women have been taught to associate sex with romance and emotional intimacy, where men it is for physical gratification. Or, masturbation may be more convenient for men than women. Gender difference in incidence of casual sex, attitudes toward casulal premarital sex, and pornographyuse with men expressing more permissive attiudes.
