BIOL 180 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Natural Selection, Commensalism, Herbivore
93
BIOL 180 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
93 documents
Document Summary
+/- interaction that occurs when one organism eats another: herbivory: herbivores (plant-eaters) consume plant and algal tissues, predation: a predator kills and consumes all or most of another individual. Can also refer to consumption of plants / seeds (contain entire plant embryos: parasitism: parasite consumes relatively small amounts of tissue or nutrients from another individual, host. Often takes place over a long period of time. Parasites are usually small relative to their host. Ectoparasites: live on the outside of their hosts. Typically have adaptations for harvesting fluids from their hosts. Parasitoidism: when an organism called a parasitoid is free living as an adult, but endoparasitic as a larva. Usually fatal to host unlike most cases of parasitism. May eat the host from the inside out. Costly for prey: natural selection strongly favors traits that allow individuals to avoid being eaten. Constitutive/standing defenses: traits that are present even in the absence of consumers that help individuals avoid being eaten: hiding.
