BIOL 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 40: Perforin, Golgi Apparatus, Human Microbiota
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When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?
| A. | Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells. | |
| B. | Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection. | |
| C. | Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection. | |
| D. | A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others. | |
| E. | It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them. |
There is antibody-mediated and cell-mediated specific immunity. Which type of cells are primarily involved in the antibody-mediated immune response?
| A. | Macrophages | |
| B. | B cells | |
| C. | Complement proteins | |
| D. | T cells | |
| E. | Antigens |
From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produce diarrhea in people?
| A. | Because it gets the bacteria out of the person and, likely, into the next one | |
| B. | It's not helpful really. That's just what that toxin causes. | |
| C. | Because that quickly kills the person | |
| D. | Because it makes the patient too unpleasant to be around | |
| E. | Because there is no real treatment for that |
Where do prions come from?
| A. | There are prion-like particles in the brain normally, and when these become abnormal they can cause disease. | |
| B. | Mosquitoes. | |
| C. | They are clumps which form from normal prion-like particles in the blood that travel to the brain. | |
| D. | They are introduced by infectious protozoa. | |
| E. | Contaminated water. |
Q.1 (a) Production of which of the following types of proteinsduring an innate immune response would directly lead to the lysisof a microbe?
- Membrane Attack Complex
- Perforin
- Immunoglobulin
- Interferon
Q 1. (b) Swelling due to bulk flow from the plasma into theinterstital fluid is the result of decreased protein permeabilityin the capillaries. (True or False?)
Q.1 (c) Both inflammation and fever result in an increase in thetemperature set point of the body. (True or False?)
Q.1 (d) Indicate which of the following statements describeClass I MHC molecules, describe Class II MHC molecules or decribeboth Class I MHC & Class II MHC molecules?
-This molecule is expressed on all nucleated cells.
- This molecule interacts with proteins expressed on the surfaceof Cytotoxic T cells.
- This molecule is expressed on the surface of Antigenpresenting cells.
- This molecule is important for activating helper T cells.
- This molecule is expressed on the surface of B cells
- This molecule binds to antigens that come from primarilyintracellular pathogens.
Q.1 (e) What type of B cell does not secrete many antibodiesduring a primary immune response, but is very important for asecondary immune response?
Q.1 (f)If an individual failed to develop any maturelymphocytes, they would have lessened innate responses to infectionand lessened adaptive responses to infection. (True or False?)
Q.1 (g) Which of the following statements about the late stagesof HIV infection/AIDS are true? Choose all of the correctanswers.
A person in the late stages of AIDS is more susceptible toinfection with bacteria, fungi and viruses than a person in theasymptomatic stage of HIV infection. | ||
The number of CD4-expressing T cells in the blood is high duringthe late stages of HIV infection | ||
The number of Killer T cells in the blood can be high during thelate stages of HIV infection. | ||
Innate immune responses may be weakened during the late stagesof HIV infection because of the weakened adaptive responses duringthese stages. |
