CHE 110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Boiling Point, Chemical Property, Decimal Mark
7 May 2018
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I. The Study of Chemistry
a. Critical thinking is essential
b. Chemists participate in a wide variety of activities, from the development of
new drugs to agricultural research
c. Chemists are seeking solutions to the problem of environmental pollution along
with replacement sources for energy
II. The Scientific Method
a. Systematic approach to research
b. Steps
i.
Carefully define the problem
ii.
Perform experiments
iii.
Make careful observations
iv.
Record data
v.
Form interpretation
c. Data
i. Qualitative = general observations about the system
ii. Quantitative = various measurements of the system
d. Hypothesis
i. Tentative explanation for a set of observations
e. Law
i. Concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between
phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions
f. Theory
i. Unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that
are based on them; constantly being tested
ii. If a theory is disproved by an experiment, then it must be discarded or
modified for consistency
iii. Rarely ever a step-by-step process
III. Classifications of Matter
a. Basics
i. Matter
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1. Anything that occupies space and has mass
ii. Chemistry
1. Study of matter and the changes it undergoes
iii. Three states of matter
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
b. Substances and Mixtures
i. Substance
1. Matter that has a definite or constant composition and distinct
properties
2. Ex. water, silver, table salt, carbon dioxide
ii. Mixture
1. Homogeneous mixtures
a. Composition of the mixture is the same throughout the
solution
b. Ex. dissolving sugar in water
2. Heterogeneous mixtures
a. Composition is not uniform
b. Ex. mixing sand and iron fillings
c. Elements and Compounds
i. Element
1. Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by
chemical means
2. 118 elements have been identified
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