CHEM 0110 Chapter 11: Notes - States of Matter; Liquids and Solids (Ebbing and Gammon)
Document Summary
Rigidity: do not move freely but rather vibrate. Incompressible: more tightly packed, less free space/lack of empty space. Fluid: can move relative to one another, can flow. Compressible: molecules can be pushed into a smaller space. Fluid: individual molecules can move easily relative to one another. Negligible forces: 1) interaction between molecules and 2) negligible molecular size compared with the total volume of gas. Particles making up a solid (atoms, molecules, ions) exist in close contact and do not move about. Molecules of a liquid are in constant random motion, but more tightly packed than gas. Gases are composed of molecules or single atoms that are in constant random motion throughout mostly empty space. Change of state (phase transition) - a change of a substance from one state to another. Vapor pressure - the partial pressure of the vapor over the liquid, measured at equilibrium at a given temperature.
