HIST 3071 Chapter : HIST 3071 Chapter 1 2
HIST 3071-001 Ch.1 1/30/2014 9:43:00 PM
January 21, 2014 Lecture
I. Native-Americans
• The first Louisianians were the Native Americans. Were said to
come from Asia.
• They were hunter and gatherers
II. Paleo-Americans: Archaic Era
• 8-10 thousand years ago came the first habitat in Louisiana, Paleo-
Americans.
• They were nomatic hunters. They hunted: mammoths, huge ground
sloths, ad other animals that lived in the region.
• These archaic people were the direct ancestors of some of
Louisiana’s (later) Native-American groups.
• There area features earthen mounds that date back to 12 centuries
before the birth of Christ. Example is the Indian Mounds at LSU.
These mounds are older than the Egyptian pyramids. We don’t
know what they were made for. Myths include: for the greek gods,
mark the solsus (marks time/seasons), burial sites. Last mound
was build my the natches and then they stopped building, no one
knows why.
• At the end of this era they established a trade network with other
groups of people as far away as present day Tennessee and
Georgia.
III. Meso-Amerindian: Came after the Paleo-Americans
• End of the Archaic Era came a new culture known as the Meso-
Amerindian.
• Dominated Louisiana from approximately 6.500 bc to 2,000 bc
• They lived at permanent sites, however these places couldn’t be
called towns; they lived in every part of Louisiana
• They enjoyed food such as: fish, alligators, turtkes, venison, fruits,
and nuts as daily parts of their diets.
• Because of their abundance of these crops they did little cause to
engage in agriculture, although they did have plants including corn,
beans, and squash.
• They had copper, they used them for jewelry.
• They were religious, they made special pottery for the dead for
grave sites.
IV. Native-American Tribes -were mostly eastern woodlans
• 2000 BC agriculture (crop growing started)
• corn appered in Louisiana (native American women were the ones
raising the crops while the men cleared the land with fires
• 5 million people spread out in the Native Americas
• they had a lot of land, 1 acer of land would feed 1 person for an
entire year.
• Every 4-6 years the tribes would move to other land because the
land soil got old and run down
• Don’t have plows because no draft animals and no metal
(iron/brones;) to cut deeper into the soil this is why they had to
leave fields often
• NA only had coper- they traded FUR for metals (pots & pans) and
firearms from the: dutch, French, Spanish, and English
• Moving caused conflicts (tribal boundries)
• Houma people had a tall red pole. Red because of blood from the
fish and bear heads that were on top. Called it baton (stick) rouge
(red)
• Great biological exchange (crops, animals, tabacoo, sugar ext.) this
happened after Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492. Good
trades started between the new and the old worlds.
• The most spectatular exchnge was disease!
(sheep,pigs,cows=chicken pox). Many NA died from this. Influnza
deveopled after the ice age.
• 1492-6000’s 70-90% of populations demish
• 14th century bluebonnet pleage (took 3 years) diminished 25%
A. Attakapa “ISHER”
• The word Attakappa comes from the Choctaw origins and means
“human flesh eater” because they ate people that they captured
• They ate the people they captured because they thought it would
not let them have an after life and that they would get the warriors
soul; this was called trophyism- scalping people for the proof they
killed them.
• After they captured their prisoners they beat them and cooked
them to eat, they believed this would give them the warriors soul.
The men they caught were almost always killed this way and most
women and children caught were adopted into the tribe.
• These were non-agricultural –non moving tribe, they were hunters
and gatherers. Buffelos were driven out by them because they got
firearms through training with the Europeans.
• They were always after alligators
• Isher people is what they called themselves
• They were covered from head to toe in tattoos and had noise
peircings
• Organished religious practises- high priest
• It is said to believe that the European diseases caused the demise
of this tribe because they were not immune to these diseases. And
because of other neighbors: chasaw, French, and Europeans.
B. Caddoan Tribes: Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and Natchitiches
• Each had simple form of bureaucratic organization ruled by minor
officals, officials, subleaders, tribal chiefs, and the GRAND CADDI.
(king leader) sun people (controlled land) smelly people (worked on
land)
• Structured religion with a priesthood, had high priest known as
Xinesi.
• They did fight their enemies but tried to stay civil with neighbors
including the Europeans.
• They had the perfect land to have crops. They had agriculture but
also hunted to have a variety in their diet.
• Most lived in small permanent villages
C. Tunican Tribes
• Lived east of the caddoans
• Like caddoans had a high developed economy.
• They hunted, fished, and engaged in subsistence agriculture.
Document Summary
January 21, 2014 lecture: native-americans, the first louisianians were the native americans. Were said to come from asia: they were hunter and gatherers. Paleo-americans: archaic era: 8-10 thousand years ago came the first habitat in louisiana, paleo- They hunted: mammoths, huge ground sloths, ad other animals that lived in the region: these archaic people were the direct ancestors of some of. Louisiana"s (later) native-american groups: there area features earthen mounds that date back to 12 centuries before the birth of christ. These mounds are older than the egyptian pyramids. We don"t know what they were made for. Myths include: for the greek gods, mark the solsus (marks time/seasons), burial sites. Meso-amerindian: came after the paleo-americans: end of the archaic era came a new culture known as the meso- Red because of blood from the fish and bear heads that were on top.
