BIOL 4263 Chapter : BIOL 4263 Lab Report Rubric
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Introduction
In this Experiment we will learn how to identify the unknownbacterium according to the case study given as you start to performyour procedures and following the steps. Also, we will be learningthe outcome of a specific case scenario of immunity. We will beperforming different examples of media and observing the reactionafter inoculation and adding different reagents as it produce somechanging of color diagnose to a negative or positive results. Also,we will conduct different types of biochemical testing includingIndole production, Citrate Utilization, Methyl red test, andMannitol Fermentation.
In this case scenario we are trying to figure out theinfestation of food at the warehouse causing a death of theplaintiff mother. The plaintiff is accusing the warehouse forselling these infested products by insects. At the warehouseinspection is been done by swabbing and acquiring the type oforganism to be identified as evidence for the court finaldecision.
One of the major findings in this experiment is that itwas negative gram stains and the Indole and Methyl Red Test had apositive reaction. Additional testing was perform which show theresult of only negative on Lactose Fermentation and the remainingthree additional testing add up to a positive. The outcome of thisinvestigation scenario could be a negative result to the casescenario presented about infested products by insects since nounknown bacteria was left to bediagnosed.
Procedure
The following steps are requiring completing this labexperimental. First make sure you open the Virtual UnknownSoftware. Complete conducting using Indole production and CitrateUtilization, Methyl Red test choosing from your media option. Alsomake sure you open the reference book for each procedure to beinformed of the lab steps and decision making such as positive ornegative and its color after inoculation.
Observations and Results
Result + or - | Appearance after Incubation | |
Gram Stain | - gram rods | N/A |
Indole Production | + positive | Yellowish-after incubation & adding Kovacâs reagent changingto a cherry red color indication of positive |
Mannitol Fermentation | - neg | Red |
Methyl Red Test | + pos | Turbid yellowish after incubation and adding methyl red reagentchange to red positive. + |
Citrate Utilization | - neg | Greenish after incubation. No reagent added. |
Additional tests performed are listed below:
Result + or - | Appearance after Incubation | |
Lactose Fermentation | - neg | Red- no reagent added |
Sucrose Fermentation | + pos | Yellowish- no reagent added |
| Phenol Red Rhamnose (Lactose Steps) | + pos | Yellow- no reagent |
Phenol Red Xylose (Sucrose Steps) | + pos | Yellow- no reagent |
Bacterium identified as: You may want to do some additionaltests to conclusively identify your bacterium. Some good ones to domight be lactose and sucrose fermentation, like you did last week.Remember, they use Phenol Red Lactose Broth and Phenol RedSucrose Broth and yellow= positiveand red =negative. After you do those two tests,you may want to do Phenol Red Rhamnose and Phenol RedXylose, which are set up the same way as the sucrose andlactose tests, they just have different sugars. Be sure to recordyour test results!
Discussion
Identify the bacterium â Make sure you look in the VirtualUnknown lab report to make sure you got the right organism. Afteryou have made your identification, look at the lab report. You cando this by going to the View menu in Virtual Unknown and selectingLab Report. You can double check with me that you are researchingthe right one.
Once all observation was performed including the additionaltesting I was left without an Unknown organism to be identified.This only leave me with a diagnose to state that no evidence wascollected to accused the warehouse as being infested with insectsaccording to the case study.
Explain what features of this organism make it an idealcandidate host for your insecticide. (Hint: remember you will needto infect insects with the bacteria to deliver the insecticide.)âFind out where the unknown organism was isolated from.
Describe in detail the steps you will take to insert the targetgene into the bacterium. - Figure 8.1 of your book should help youwith this.
Conclusion
< Within a few sentences, provide a concluding statementabout the results of your laboratory>
Virtual Lab Report
Student:
Instructor: Test User
Section:
Unknown: BiotechUnknown
Identification Information
Assigned Unknown: Identification not yet complete
Identified Unknown: TBD
Gram Reaction & Morphology: Gram Negative Rods
Auto-Inoculation Used: Yes
Test Detail (Chronological Order):
1 Gram Reaction {-} Eliminated {53}Remaining {71} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
2 Indole production {+} Eliminated {44}Remaining {27} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
3 Mannitol fermentation {-} Eliminated {19}Remaining {8} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
4 Methyl red {+} Eliminated {0} Remaining{8} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
5 Citrate Utilization (Simmons) {-}Eliminated {2} Remaining {6} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
6 Lactose fermentation {-} Eliminated {0}Remaining {6} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
7 Sucrose fermentation {+} Eliminated {4}Remaining {2} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
8 Rhamnose fermentation {+} Eliminated {2}Remaining {0} Recorded 1 time(s)
Observations: none
9 Xylose fermentation {+} Eliminated {0}Remaining {0} Recorded
| CASE STUDY |
| It used to be that epidemiologists at the CDC only knew that you had the flu when you visited your doctor and the doc- tor then reported that information to other agencies. By the time this information made its way to the CDC or state health departments, it was often several days old, which meant that the medical community was always playing catch-up. And of course, your doctor was only aware of your illness if you showed up at his office, not when you decided to tough it out at home. Nowadays, however, before you ever go to the doc- tor, you are likely to search the Internet for âflu symptoms,â tweet your suddenly declining health status, or Instagram yourself lying in bed. Study the case below, which shows how the Internet and social media have impacted the field of epi- demiology, and then answer the questions that follow. Google Used to Predict Influenza Outbreaksâ2008 In 2008, Google launched Google Flu Trends, an applica- tion that compiles aggregated data from key word searches for clinical terms, such as thermometer, chest congestion, muscle aches, or flu symptoms. Google reports the data on a website, which then provides an early-warning system for the locations of new flu outbreaks. Because the data are collected from searches performed each day, trends in flu symptoms become apparent much more quickly than when they are based on data reported during office vis- its or in lab reports from physicians around the country. When the CDC compared actual cases over the course of a year with Googleâs findings, the data from the two sources matched. Initially, Google was only compiling information about flu trends in the United States and Canada. But after the H1N1 virus appeared in Mexico in 2009, the CDC asked Google to go back and look at Internet searches conducted by people in Mexico during that time. Evaluation of the data indicated that Google detected an uptick several days before the CDC did (Figure 23.1). 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Influenza activity 1113151719212325272931 2 4 6 8 1012141618202224262830 2 Suspected Confirmed Mar Apr May Date of illness onset Intense High Moderate Low Minimal Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Figure 23.1 2009 Inflenza activity (a) Data from the Centers for Disease Control, based on physical examination by health care providers, shows a peak in influenza cases in late April. (b) Google âFlu Trendsâ shows an influenza peak in February. |
No. of cases
Case Study Exercise 23 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 199
Epidemic tracking based on Internet searches reflects what is called collective intelligence. It works because indi- viduals using their personal computers tend to search for terms related to their immediate needs and intentions, and they generally do this before presenting in a doctorâs office or emergency room. The methodology used in the Google search was published in the prestigious science journal Nature, and another independent study has been published about a similar search analysis conducted by Yahoo, showing that it was effective in predicting flu trends.
Some people worry that data collected from Internet searches may compromise individualsâ privacy. However,
Google maintains that Flu Trends cannot be used to iden- tify individual users because the data are anonymous and are aggregated before being presented. Another potential drawback is that this data collection method is less likely to be useful for tracking epidemics in societies having a low percentage of computer ownership, namely, developing countries. However, considering the high stakes involved in identifying an epidemic quickly, Internet search term analy- sis holds great promise for public health. And, unlike most health innovations, itâs free!
3. How might data collected in this way not be representative of a particular population?
4. Explain why the two graphs in Figure 23.1 do not show influenza activity peaking at the same time.
6. In 2013, Google Flu Trends vastly overestimated the number of cases of the flu in the United States. One explanation for this was that there was a greater than usual number of media reports about influenza early in the flu season. Based on your knowledge of how Flu Trends works, explain why Google missed the mark in 2013
