BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 4
Document Summary
>>>>>>>>aside from water, most biologically related molecules contain carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Exceptions: co, co2, (act differently) and all carbon molecules (e. g. , diamonds, graphite, coal) Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules (see fig 4. 3) Has a valence of 4 and can bind to 2, 3, or 4 other atoms. Carbon and oxygen, carbon and nitrogen- polar covalent bonds. --hydrocarbons: molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon. Are hydrophobic (i. e. non-polar) because c-c and c-h bond are non-polar. Variations in the carbon skeleton can contribute to the diversity of organic molecules (see fig 4. 5). (how many carbons are there and the types of bonding patterns) Single-bond: free rotation, can spin in space relative to one another and adopt lots of different spacial arrangements. Double-bond: lose the spinning quality and gives an arrangement that"s flat like a plane.
