BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 18

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Repressors bind to the operator and block rna polymerase. Inducer binds lac repressor and causes it to release from operator. Cap + camp = turns lac operon on high (attracts rna polymerase) All cells in a eukaryote are genetically identical. Alternative mrna splicing mrna half-life translation blocks: proteins or rna protein degradation. Rna interference (rnai) mirna (microrna) sirnas (small interfering rnas) pirna (piwi-rna) Development = differentiation and growth developmental program = cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis morphogenesis = induction of organismal/organ/tissue shapes. Embryonic stem cell myoblast muscle cell differentiation = marker proteins. Axis determination/segment formation = about 120 genes homeotic genes mutants, embryonic lethals. Maternal effect genes = egg-polarity genes bicoid = anterior body development biocoid = a morphogen = a cytoplasmic determinant morphogen gradient biocoid mrna biocoid protein. Cancer = abnormal gene regulation of the same "embryonic development" systems cell growth, cell cycle, and cell division genes proto-oncogene oncogene translocation, amplification, mutation.

Related Questions

1. What is the term when the product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the activity of the first enzyme of a pathway?

		feedback inhibition.
		activator inhibition.
		diffusional regulation.
		enzyme activation.

2. Through control of gene expression, prokaryotes respond to changing __________ conditions.

		internal
		protein
		environmental
		genetic

3. A protein that negatively regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as the

		operon
		repressor
		activator
		inducer

4. During attenutation, when tryptophan levels are high, the ________ stem-loop forms and transcription ________ the trpL gene.

		1-2, ends just past
		3-4, ends just past
		1-2, continues beyond
		3-4, continues beyond

5. The process of turning on the expression of a gene in response to a substance in the environment is called:

		constituation.
		repression.
		induction.
		catabolism.

6. What is a function of some specific transcription factors?

		to bind to the promoter region of the gene to facilitate the proper alignment of the RNA polymerase
		to bind to the centromere to induce meiosis
		to bind to enhancer regions to help regulate gene transcription
		to bind to the operator to recruit sigma factor

7. How does exposing an E.coli cell to glucose affect the regulation of the lac operon via CAP?

		cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is increased.
		cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is decreased.
		cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is increased.
		cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is decreased.

8. The lac repressor protein works when mutations in the repressor gene and structural genes are:

		in cis or in trans.
		in trans only.
		in cis only.
		in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 18

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