BIOL 1002 Chapter : Ch 44 Notes
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Sexual versus asexual reproduction: many plant species can reproduce both sexually and asexually, asexual reproduction can occur via fragmentation, fragmentation can be an artificial process (cuttings) or a natural process. The parent plant sends out horizontal stems (runners) that can lead to completely new plants: asexual reproduction is natural cloning where all the offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant. Sexual offspring combine the genes from two parents and are genetically different from their parents. Plant life cycles: alternation of generations revisited (see fig 44-1, two distinct multicellular adult forms, sporophyte: diploid plant which produces haploid spores, gametophyte: haploid plant which produces gametes. In mosses and ferns the gametophyte is small and independent: water is essential for sexual reproduction. Megaspores - gives rise to the female gametophyte. The evolution of flowers: gymnosperms were the earliest seed plants, the gymnosperms and some angiosperms rely on wind pollination for fertilization (see fig e44-1 and.
