BIOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 15 Lecture Notes
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How populations evolve: 15. 1 how are populations, genes, and evolution related, evolutionary changes occur from generation to generation, causing descendants to differ from their ancestors, evolution is a property not of individuals, but of populations. A population is a group that includes all members of a species living in a given area: genes and the environment interact to determine traits. A gene is a segment of dna found at a specific place on a chromosome. In diploid individuals, each gene consists of two alleles (the organism"s genotype) The specific alleles borne on an organism"s chromosomes (its. Individuals whose alleles are the same are homozygous for that gene. Individuals whose alleles are different are heterozygous for that gene genotype) interact with the environment to influence the development of its physical and behavioral traits (its phenotype) Coat color in hamsters illustrates the interaction between genotype and phenotype. Coat color is determined by two alleles in hamsters.
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |