ANTH 1001 Chapter : Genetics Cells And Molecules
Document Summary
First cells: prokaryotic cells 3. 5+ billion years ago, eukaryotic 1. 2 ba. Gametes (sex cells: ova (eggs) and sperm, zygote (fertilized egg) Made of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Mitochondria: produce energy, produce their own dna (mtdna) Double stranded molecule: each strand is composed of nucleotides, nucleotides are composed of sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogen bases. Adenine, thymine (beginning & end of alphabet) Set of instructions for making proteins: major structural component of tissues, enzymes, catalysts, catalysts cause a reaction or speed something up, amino acids, number and sequence. Protein synthesis transcription: two phases of protein synthesis are transcription and translation, protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes, dna copied by rna, rna, single stranded, has uracil (not thymine, messenger rna, mrna. Information is translated: codon, group of 3 bases, transfer rna or trna matches codons with amino acids.
