BSC 1010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Chemical Polarity, Thermodynamics, Enthalpy
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26 Aug 2020
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Cells obtain energy by the oxidation of organic molecules. In the presence of o2, the most energetically stable form of carbon is co2, and that of hydrogen is water (h2o). Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions: when a substrate gains electrons, it is reduced, when a substrate loses electrons, it is oxidized. When two atoms form a polar covalent bond: atom with a lesser share of electrons: oxidized, atom with a greater share of electrons: reduced. Redox state of carbon atoms & energy of carbon-compounds. The oxidation state of carbon-containing molecules depends on the atoms it is bonded to: glucose oxidation: c6h12o6 + 6o2 6co2 + 6h2o + energy, carbon dioxide reduction: energy + 6co2 + 6h2o c6h12o6 + 6o2. Reduced atoms can be oxidized, releasing energy to do work: energy content in carbohydrates vs. lipids. If h is negative, a reaction is exothermic (heat released) If h is positive, a reaction is endothermic (heat absorbed)
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