COMM 130 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Stephen Toulmin, False Dilemma, Deductive Reasoning
13 Dec 2017
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The basics of the reasoning process, reasoning process, we publicly take a position and argue it with facts, observations, and other supporting evidence b. Inductive: specific examples or observations are presented to support a general conclusion, drawing, formulating or inferring a reasonable general conclusion ii. Deductive: general statement or principle is applied to a specific case. Involves moving from a general category to a specific case or instance: we argue that a particular instance is true, the toulmin model of argument i. Involves drawing a conclusion or asserting a generalization based on one or more events, instances, or supporting cases ii. Reasoning by analogy: consists of making a comparison b/w similar cases and inferring that what is or will be true in one case is or will be true in the others iii. Reasoning by cause: when we infer that one event is the direct result of another event (cause-to-effect) iv. Reasoning by sign: misinterpreted as reasoning by cause.
