CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Adhesion, Cell Junction

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14 Jan 2017

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6. 1 what is the structure of a biological membrane: biological membranes consist of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 6. 2 how is the plasma membrane involved in cell adhesion and recognition: in order for cells to assemble into tissues they must recognize and adhere to one another. Cell recognition and cell adhesion depend on integral membrane proteins that protrude from the cell surface. Binding can be between the same proteins from two cells (homotypic) or different proteins (heterotypic): cell junctions connect adjacent cells. Tight junctions prevent the passage of molecules through the intercellular spaces between cells, and they restrict the migration of membrane proteins over the cell surface. Desmosomes cause cells to adhere firmly to one another. Gap junctions provide channels for communication between adjacent cells: integrins mediate the attachment of animal cells to the extracellular matrix. Equilibrium is reached when the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane show no net change over time.

Related Questions

What roles do membranes play in a cell?

What are cell membranes composed of?

What is a lipid? What are some examples of lipids? What does amphipathic mean?

What are the structure properties of triacylglycerols and steroids?

What are the structural properties of phospholipid and detergents? What arrangements do phospholipids, detergents, and a combination of phospholipids and detergents tend to take in solution?

What type of movements phospholipids undergo in a membrane? What type of movements do they not do?

What determines membrane fluidity?

Where are membranes formed in the cell? How is membrane asymmetry created and maintained? What are flippases and scramblases? Where do they function?

What is the spatial arrangement of a membrane during transport?

What are the different classifications of membrane proteins and what secondary structures are commonly found in transmembrane proteins?

What is the cell cortex?

What are membrane domains? What are different ways of establishing them?

What is FRAP? How does it work?

What is the carbohydrate layer? What are its functions? What is a lectin?

Hybridomas are the useful result of a fusion between _______________ and _________________ to obtain hybrid cells that can proliferate and produce _________________ against specific ________________.

	myeloma cells; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; epitopes
	myeloma cells; T lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; epitopes

With respect to mammalian cell culture, which of the following statements is true?

	Media used for cell growth contain proteases and a divalent cation chelator to help cells adhere to the surface.
	During the establishment of a cell line, senescence is the last stage of the cell's life.
	Rodent cells cultures undergo spontaneous transformation with similar frequency to human cell cultures.
	Embryonic cell lines do not undergo senescence nor do they have a finite life span.

Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?

	apical
	basal
	All of the answers are correct.
	lateral

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipid bilayers?

		Phospholipid bilayers separate the cell from the exterior environment as well as from compartments within the cell.
		The interior of phospholipid bilayers is a highly hydrophobic environment.
		Membrane budding requires transient breakages in the bilayer membrane.
		The chemical properties of phospholipids lead to the spontaneous formation of bilayers.

Which of the following is true regarding membrane proteins?

		All peripheral membrane proteins contact the lipid bilayer by covalent attachment to the hydrophilic head groups on membrane lipids.
		Beta strands can assemble into a membrane-spanning barrel structure.
		Lipid-anchored membrane proteins always face the cell exterior.
		A protein with six hydrophobic helices is most likely a lipid-anchored membrane protein.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

		The three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the bilayer are acylation, prenylation, and ubiquitinylation.
		Movement of lipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer requires specialized transport proteins called flippases.
		Glycoproteins are the basis for blood type compatibility between donor and receiver.
		Glycoproteins are always oriented so that the carbohydrate moieties are exoplasmic.

Please check P1&P2 & help with P3

P1.

A. DNA

B. Glycogen

C. Ribosome

D. miRNA

E1. Triacylglycerol

E2. Cyclic AMP

F. Acetyl CoA

G. Testosterone

H. ATP

I. Tau

1. Which molecules contain nucleotides? A, H, F, E2, D, C?

2. Which molecules contain at least one fatty acid? E1

3. Which molecules contain amino acids? I

4. Which molecules contain a sugar? A, B, H, E2, D, F

P2.

A. Phospholipid

B. Glycolipid

C. Cholesterol

D. None

1. Which molecules are amphipathic? A, B, C

2. Which molecules would decrease fluidity of plasma membrane? A?, B?, C

3. Which molecules are important for cell-cell recognition? B?

4. Which molecules are located solely on the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane, facing the cytosol? D

P3. 1. Describe where the following amino acids would be found in the glucose transporter (GLUT2) - part of the protein exposed to the lipid bilayer or within the interior of the transporter - and provide reasoning.

1A. Valine

1B. Serine

Acidic, basic, nonpolar, uncharged polar

2. Which amino acids form hydrogen bonds that shape tertiary structure?

3. Which amino acids allow transmembrane proteins to span the lipid bilayer?

CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Adhesion, Cell Junction

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