PSYC 2520 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: A Common Thread, Null Hypothesis, Statistical Significance
7 Dec 2016
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A common thread is the general relationship between the p value and the effect size, as given by the following conceptual equation: significance test = size of effect x size of study. This general relationship simply means that any test of statistical significance can be shown to consist of two components: (a) an indicator of the size of the effect and (b) an indicator of the number of sampling units. The conceptual equation shows that the value of the significance test is the product of these two components. We call the three families of effect sizes (a) the correlation (or r-type) family, (b) the difference family, and (c) the ratio family. In a between-subjects design with an experimental and a control group, the null hypothesis generally implies no difference in the success rate between the experimental group and the control group.
