PHIL 2130 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4.0: Epoxide, Thioester, Glucuronidation
6 May 2020
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**reduction does not occur with carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Uncommon because oxidation to carboxylic acid is irreversible. Common because ketones are in equilibrium with secondary alcohols. With neurotransmitters, related drugs, and aldehydes with electron withdrawing group. Anaerobic bacteria in the and tertiary amines gut. **phase 2 metabolism addition of polar group, with exception of methylation & acetylation. R-oh type substrates (phenols & alcohols, but not carboxylic acids) R-nh2 type substrates (primary aromatic amines, hydrazines, hydroxylamines, rarely aliphatic amines) Difficult to predict due (r-x-ch3) to specific isozymes for a specific substrate. High capacity (takes high concentration loads) (via paps) Can be further broken (can occur in its absence as well) down into mercapturic acids in (via glutathione (s- the kidney. Similar aromatic & heteroaromatic acids (ie: acetic acids, cinnamic acids, and aryloxyacetic acids) Low activity at birth (mostly via glycine, sometimes glutamine, taurine)
