ENVS 1200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Square Wave, The Technique
13 May 2018
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ENVS 1200 Chapter 4 Notes – Summary
Introduction
• The instantaneous output of the sine wave corresponds to the angular position of the
rotor as it rotates.
• Incidentally, the actual peak amplitude of a 117-volt sine wave is approximately 165
volts.
• The technique used to measure AC voltage is based on a special kind of averaging of the
sine wave voltage over a period of time.
• In addition to the amplitude and frequency, it is possible to measure the position of a
sine wave with respect to a reference sine wave.
• The difference, measured in degrees, is known as the phase of the sine wave. This
measurement is shown
• An important characteristic of sine waves is that mathematically all waveforms,
regardless of shape, both analog and digital, can be represented as the sum of sine
waves of different frequencies, phases, and amplitudes.
• For example, shows the construction of a square wave from the first few of its sine wave
constituents.
• The constituent frequencies that make up a signal are known as the spectrum of the
signal.
• The bandwidth of a channel is the range of frequencies that are passed by the channel
with only a small amount of attenuation.
• Yes, there is a direct mathematical relationship between the bandwidth defined here
and that defined earlier in terms of bits per second
• It’s a detail that we shall not go into. Suffice it to say that a wide ange of feuencies
allows more bits per second to flow through the channel.
• Other frequencies are blocked by the channel.
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