BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Atp Synthase, Cellular Respiration

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tanminnow712

9 Feb 2016

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Electron carrier molecule that carries electrons (energy) Nad+/nadh nad+ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It collects/accepts electrons from the stepwise breakdown (series of chemical reactions) of glucose. Electrons collected by nad+ used in the production of atp. Intermembrane space in the mitochondria, between inner and outer membrane. Matrix in the mitochondria, inside both membranes. Glycolysis enzymes break down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Reactions that lead to the oxidation of six-carbon sugar glucose, producing two molecules of the three carbon compound pyruvate and to the overall synthesis of nadh and atp. Atp synthesis that requires an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (adp) producing atp. Citric acid cycle/krebs cycle acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa), formed from the oxidation of pyruvate in the pyruvate oxidation stage, enters a cycle where it is completely oxidized to co2. Coenzyme a formed by the oxidation of of pyruvate.

Related Questions

The complete conversion of a molecule glucose to six molecules of carbon dioxide via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle requires 19 reactions. Put the reactions that are given below in the proper order, beginning with the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate and ending with the oxidation of malate to form oxaloacetic acid.

1) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP --> 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
2) fumarate + H₂O --> malate
3) isocitrate + NAD⁺ --> alpha-ketoglutarate + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂
4) phosphoenol pyruvate + ADP --> pyruvate + ATP
5) Succinyl-CoA + GDP + P_i --> succinate + GTP + CoASH
6) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD⁺ + P_i --> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H⁺

Thank you for the help!

tealleopard702

The pentose phosphate pathway, an alternative to glycolysis, is used to catabolize five carbon sugars. One ATP molecule and 12 NADPH molecules are produced from one glucose molecule. Glycolysis is the most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Two pryuvic acid molecules are the end product. There is a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules per molecule of glucose oxidized through glycolysis.

Pyruvic acid loses one carboxyl group, and CO2 is a byproduct, during the transition step. Two carbon acetyl groups are oxidized in the Krebs cycle. Electrons are picked up by NAD+ and FAD for the electron transport system.

5. How does aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?

6. Hemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) to synthesize cytochromes and NAD+(V factor) from other cells. For what part of cellular respiration are the X and V factors essential?

7. Suppose an individual has mitochondria that leak cytochromes, what effect might this dysfunction have on the ability of the cell to function? Why?

brownkoala747

QUESTION 1

Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?

	a.	Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
	b.	electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
	c.	Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
	d.	glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
	e.	electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis

1 points

QUESTION 2

Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?

	a.	2
	b.	34
	c.	36
	d.	6
	e.	12

1 points

QUESTION 3

The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?

	a.	Electron transport chain
	b.	Anaerobic respiration
	c.	Glycolysis
	d.	Krebs cycle
	e.	ATP-Synthase

1 points

QUESTION 4

The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH₂ to pump H⁺ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H⁺ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a FADH₂ molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.

	a.	three; two
	b.	three; three
	c.	two; two
	d.	two; three

1 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?

	a.	glucose, oxygen, ADP
	b.	ATP, carbon dioxide
	c.	oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
	d.	ATP, glucose, oxygen
	e.	glucose, ATP

1 points

QUESTION 6

What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?

	a.	NADH molecules
	b.	oxygen (O₂)
	c.	ATP
	d.	NADH and FADH₂ molecules
	e.	The H⁺ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space

1 points

QUESTION 7

Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 8

Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.

	a.	three; three
	b.	two; two
	c.	one; two
	d.	two; three
	e.	one; three

1 points

QUESTION 9

Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11

Glycolysis occurs:

	a.	on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.
	b.	in the cytosol.
	c.	in the inner-membrane space.
	d.	in the nucleus of the cell.
	e.	in the matrix of mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:

	a.	the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.
	b.	a buildup of lactic acid.
	c.	an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
	d.	the large amounts of CO₂ building up in the muscle.

1 points

QUESTION 13

A required reactant for glycolysis is:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	carbon dioxide.
	c.	oxygen.
	d.	NAD+.
	e.	mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 14

NADH is produced in all of the following except:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	the Krebs cycle.
	c.	glycolysis.

BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Atp Synthase, Cellular Respiration

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