PS102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Representativeness Heuristic, Decision-Making, Belief Perseverance
Document Summary
Language: set of symbols used to communicate; language production & comprehension: creative/generative. Speech for ourselves, directed at and around others. Phonemes: smallest unit of sound recognized as separate in given language, humans can produce 100s of phonemes. Syntax: rules for combining words together into meaningful phrases, how you phrase, gives the meaning; ambiguity; they are hurting dogs, can be they are hunting dogs they are hunting dogs. Infant/child has to select out the sounds relevant to language from other vocal sounds in the speech stream. Sequence of learning language: prevocal learning: 2-4 months; perceiving phonemes of every lang; ability to distinguish among sounds. One-word stage: holophrastic: one word many meanings, errors. Overextensions-word used too liberally-specific word apply to things it should not example: daddy=man, cup=juice, thirsty. Under extensions-general word but child restricts to specific cases example: drink=juice only. Two-word stage: telegraphic speech (by 2 years of age, basic sentences. Demands, questions, possession, statements: pragmatics (3 years of age)
