KP222 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Catechol, Retina, Catecholamine
14 Oct 2016
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Kp222 chapter 8 synaptic transmission and neural. Electrical synapses allow electrical signals to transmit from one neuron to another. Chemical synapses release neurotransmitters (nts) that activate mechanisms. Exist between neurons and neurons or neurons and glial cells. Ions flow through gap junctions to transmit electrical signals between cells: bidirectional or unidirectional. Found in: the eye, areas in the brainstem that regulate breathing. One neuron secretes nt in response to action potential, and the nt binds to receptors on another cell. The binding causes an electrical signal in the second cell. Presynaptic neuron: first neuron, transmits signals to second neuron. Postsynaptic neuron: second neuron, receives signals from first neuron. Synaptic cleft: space between pre- and post- synaptic neurons, signaling is unidirectional. Axodendritic synapses: presynaptic axon terminal synapses with postsynaptic dendrites, most common. Axosomatic synapses: presynaptic axon terminal synapses with postsynaptic soma. Axoaxonic synapses: presynaptic axon terminal synapses with postsynaptic axon terminal, modulate communication at other synapses.
