EC140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Fixed Investment, Canada Pension Plan, Northern Ireland Environment Agency

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Inventories: firms hold stocks of their inputs and outputs. Inventories of inputs and unfinished materials allow firms to maintain a steady stream of production despite interruptions in the deliveries of inputs bought from other firms. Inventories of outputs allow firms to meet orders despite fluctuations in rate of production. Accumulation of inventories counts as positive investment for that year because it represents goods produced but not used for consumption currently. Decumulation: drawing down of inventories, disinvestment, represents reduction in the stock of finished goods available to be sold: new plant and equipment. (cid:272)apital sto(cid:272)k: e(cid:272)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)(cid:455)"s total (cid:395)ua(cid:374)tit(cid:455) of (cid:272)apital goods. Creating new capital goods is an act of investment and is called business fixed investment (fixed investment: new residential housing. The building of a new house is counted as investment expenditure rather than consumption expenditure. When individual purchases an existing house, the ownership is transferred and the transaction is not part of national income.

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Intermediate goods are goods and services that are purchased for resale or for further processing or manufacturing. Final goods are consumer goods, capital goods, and services that are purchased by their final users, rather than for resale or for further processing or manufacturing. Including the value of intermediate goods in the measure of real GDP would amount to multiple counting, and therefore distort the value of GDP. Value added is the market value of a firm’s output less the value of the inputs the firm has bought from others.

Using the table below, calculate the total sales values, value-added, and fill in the missing boxes. The product is assembled for sale is a fancy wool suit.

Stages of Production	Sales Value of Materials or Product	Value Added
	$0
Firm A: Sheep Ranch		$120
Firm B: Wool Processor	$180
Firm C: Suit Manufacturer	$220
Firm D: Clothing Wholesaler		$50
Firm E: Retail Clothier (Market)		$80
Total Sales Value
Total Value Added

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What is the market for factors of production?

What is the market for factors of production?
1. The market for factors of production is where households and firms interact to trade factors of production for factor payments. For example this is where people provide firms with labor and firms pay them with wages.
What is the money market?
1. The money market is where households, firms, and the government may save and/or invest their money to earn interests. Money market includes banks, stock market, bonds market, and other financial institutions where economic actors can buy and sell financial assets to earn interests and/or dividends.
Who are the three economic actors in the circular flow model?
1. In a circular flow model, the three main economic actors are the households, firms, and the government. Households include the typical individual consumers. Firms include businesses and similar producers in the economy. Finally, the government refers to the whole government system from federal to local level.
How is the national income of an economy determined?
1. The national income of an economy is determined by measuring the total value of the output produced in an economy or the total income earned by the actors in the economy. In a circular flow model, we can see that the value of total output produced should equal the total value of income generated and earned in the economy. This is because every dollar spent by someone in the economy is received by another person in the economy as income.
What is GDP?
1. The gross domestic product or GDP represents the sum total of the value of the final goods and services produced within the economy for a given year. It is the most commonly used measure of its economy’s productivity and income.

51. Gross national product equals:
A) the aggregate output of the citizens & businesses of aneconomy in a 1-year period.
B) the aggregate final output of the citizens & businesses ofan economy in a 1-year period.
C) the total market value of all goods & services produced inan economy in a 1-year period.
D) the total market value of all final goods & servicesproduced in an economy in a 1-year period.

52. Which of the following is not included in GNP but is includedin GDP?
A) The value of a Portuguese company's production in the UnitedStates.
B) The income of a U.S. citizen working in Portugal.
C) The value of a U.S. company's production in Portugal.
D) The sales of a U.S. company to U.S. citizens.

53. To calculate GDP, multiply the __________ of each final goodand service produced in an economy in a year by its __________ andthen sum the result.
A) quantity; share in total output C) price, share in totaloutput
B) quantity; price D) price, quality

54. Counting both the value of the flour used to make a loaf ofbread and the value of the loaf of bread as part of GDP:
A) is necessary to accurately compute GDP.
B) is incorrect because bread is an intermediate product.
C) is incorrect because flour is an intermediate good.
D) is incorrect because flour is a final good.

55. Suppose the value of your home increases from $100,000 to$125,000. If you continue to live in your home, the increase in itsvalue:
A) adds nothing to GDP. C) increases GDP by $100,000.
B) increases GDP by $25,000. D) increases GDP by $125,000.

56. If a used car dealer buys a car for $6000 and resells it for$6500, how much has been added to GDP?
A) nothing. B) $500. C) $6000. D) $6500

57. Which of the following is not a part of this year's GDP?
A) The value of a product produced last year but sold thisyear.
B) The value of a haircut.
C) The value of a new car produced and purchased during theyear.
D) The value of new homes built this year, regardless of whetherthey are sold.

58. Which of the following would not increase this year'sGDP?
A) Home repairs performed by the owner.
B) A commission charged by your broker when you sold 100 shares ofBorden stock.
C) The sales of a corporation.
D) The value of a doctor's services to his or her patients.

59. The circular flow model shows:
A) the movement of expenditures and factor payments through theeconomy.
B) how national income is distributed to individuals.
C) how national income changes over time.
D) the movement of goods from one business to another.

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EC140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Fixed Investment, Canada Pension Plan, Northern Ireland Environment Agency

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